A particular type of multicenter (three center - four electron) X–H ...Y in which the central hydrogen atom covalently linked to an electronegative atom X
(
C,
N,
O,
S..)
forms an additional weaker bond with atom Y
(
N,
O,
S..)
in the direction of its lone electron pair orbital. The energy of hydrogen bonds, which is usually in the range of

–

(

–

),
results from the electrostatic interaction and also from the orbital interaction of the antibonding σ*(XH)
MO of the molecule acting as the hydrogen donor and the non-bonding lone electron pair
MOn
Y of the hydrogen acceptor molecule.
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