(chain) conformational repeating unit a polymer (chain) conformational repeating unit of a polymer (chain) identity period a polymer (chain) identity period of a polymer (chain) repeating distance (vertical) rise velocity in flame emission and absorption spectrometry (vertical) rise velocity in flame emission and absorption spectrometry, vf 3D-QSAR (three-dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationships) A value A-factor ADMR AM 0 sunlight AM 1 sunlight Acheson graphite Aitken particles Ames/salmonella test Anger camera Archibald's method Arrhenius energy of activation Arrhenius equation Arrhenius factor Auger effect Auger electron Auger electron spectroscopy Auger electron yield Auger yield Avogadro constant Avrami equation Baeyer strain Bainite transition Baldwin's rules Barton reaction Bates–Guggenheim convention Beer–Lambert law (or Beer–Lambert–Bouguer law) Bell–Evans–Polanyi principle Bent's rule Berry pseudorotation Bingham flow Bodenstein approximation Bohr magneton Bohr radius Boltzmann constant Born–Oppenheimer (BO) approximation Bredt's rule Bremsstrahlung Brewster angle Brooks and Taylor structure Brownian motion Brønsted acid Brønsted base Brønsted relation Bunnett–Olsen equations Bunsen burner Bunte salts C-terminal residue in a polypeptide C. I. P. system CIDEP (Chemically Induced Dynamic Electron Polarization) CIDNP (Chemically Induced Dynamic Nuclear Polarization) CIEEL (Chemically Initiated Electron Exchange Luminescence) CIP priority CLOGP values CO2 laser CVD diamond Cahn–Ingold–Prelog system Celsius temperature, Cerenkov detector Cerenkov effect Cerenkov radiation Chatt–Dewar–Duncanson model Compton effect Compton electron Compton scattering Coulomb repulsion Cox–Yates equation Curtin–Hammett principle D, L, DL DAS DCCA DEDMR DFDMR DM-interference DNA DNA probe Darlington phototransistor Dauben–Salem–Turro rules Davydov splitting (factor-group splitting) Debye–Hückel equation Dexter (electron exchange) excitation transfer Dimroth–Reichardt ET parameter Dobson unit in atmospheric chemistry Donnan emf (Donnan potential) Donnan equilibrium Donnan exclusion Donnan pressure Doppler broadening a spectral line Dorn effect Drude–Nernst equation (for electrostriction) E, Z E/2 mass spectrum E/Z photoisomerization EB curing ESCA ET-value Einstein equation El-Sayed rules Esin and Markov coefficient Ewens–Bassett number FRET FWHM (Full Width at Half Maximum) Faraday constant Faraday cup (or cylinder) collector Fenton reaction Fermi energy Fermi level Fischer projection (Fischer–Tollens projection) Fischer–Rosanoff convention (or Rosanoff convention) Fischer–Tollens projection Flory–Huggins theory Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometer Fourier transform spectrometer Fourier-transform spectroscopy Franck–Condon principle Franck–Condon state Frumkin effect Förster cycle Förster excitation transfer (dipole–dipole excitation transfer) Förster-resonance-energy transfer FRET G value in nuclear chemistry Galvani potential difference Gaussian band shape Geiger counter Geiger–Muller counter tube Gibbs adsorption Gibbs dividing surface Gibbs energy (function) Gibbs energy diagram Gibbs energy of activation (standard free energy of activation) Gibbs energy of photoinduced electron transfer Gibbs energy of repulsion Gibbs energy profile Gibbs film elasticity Gibbs surface Gouy layer in electrochemistry Gram stain Grignard reagents Grunwald–Winstein equation Guinier plot HWHM (Half Width at Half Maximum) Haber–Weiss reaction Hammett acidity function Hammett equation (Hammett relation) Hammond principle (Hammond postulate) Hammond–Herkstroeter plot Hansch analysis Hansch constant Hantzsch–Widman name Hartree energy Hausdorff dimension Haworth representation Helmholtz energy (function) Henderson–Hasselbalch equation Henry's law Herkstroeter plot Herz compounds Hildebrand parameter Hofmann rule Holtsmark broadening a spectral line Huggins coefficient Huggins equation Hund rules Hush model Hückel (4n + 2) rule Hückel molecular orbital (HMO) theory ICT ICT emission IOP IPN IPT ISC IVFF International system of units Jablonski diagram Jahn–Teller effect Jahn–Teller transition Kamlet–Taft solvent parameters Kaptein–Closs rules Kasha rule Kasha–Vavilov rule Kekulé structure (for aromatic compounds) Koopmans' theorem Koppel–Palm solvent parameters Kosower Z-value Kováts (retention) index Krafft point Kratky plot LADS LAS LED LIDAR in atmospheric chemistry LUMO Lambert law Landau–Zener model Landolt reaction Langmuir monolayer Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) membrane Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism Langmuir–Rideal (Rideal–Eley) mechanism Laporte rule Leffler's assumption Lewis acid Lewis acidity Lewis adduct Lewis base Lewis basicity Lewis formula (electron dot or Lewis structure) Lewis octet rule Lineweaver–Burk plot Lippman's equation London forces London–Eyring–Polanyi (LEP) method London–Eyring–Polanyi–Sato (LEPS) method Lorentz broadening a spectral line Lorentzian band shape Lorenz–Mie theory MCD MCSCF method MERP MLCT MOL file format MPP-based carbon fibres MRCI Marangoni effect Marcus equation (for electron transfer) Marcus inverted region (for electron transfer) Marcus–Coltrin path Marcus–Hush relationship Markownikoff rule Mark–Houwink equation Mattauch–Herzog geometry McLafferty rearrangement in mass spectrometry Mechano-chemical reaction Meisenheimer adduct Meker burner Michaelis constant Michaelis–Menten kinetics Michaelis–Menten mechanism Mie scattering Mohr amplification process in analysis Monte Carlo (MC), method of Monte Carlo study More O'Ferrall–Jencks diagram Morin transition Morse potential Mott transition Mott–Hubbard transition Mulliken population analysis (MPA) Myelin cylinders Möbius aromaticity Mössbauer effect Mössbauer thickness in Mössbauer spectroscopy N-terminal residue in a polypeptide NHOMO NIH shift Nernst's diffusion layer Newman projection Newton black film Newton diagram Newtonian fluid Nier–Johnson geometry Norrish Type I photoreaction Norrish Type II photoreaction Norrish–Yang reaction OBF ODMR (Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance) OIP OLED OMA OPA OPO Ostwald ripening P, M PAL PAN-based carbon fibres PDC PDMR PICT PIN (p-intrinsic-n) diode PIN semiconductor detector PLED Pallmann effect Pariser–Parr–Pople (PPP) method Paterno–Büchi reaction Pauli exclusion principle Peierls distortion Peierls transition Penning gas mixture Pitzer strain Planck constant Poisson distribution Porod–Kratky chain in polymers Q-switched laser QC/MM QM/MM QSAR Quistor R*, S* R, S RF value in chromatography RIM RM value in planar chromatography RNA RRIM RYDMR Raoult's law Rayleigh ratio Rayleigh scattering Re, Si Rehm–Weller equation Reissert compounds Renner–Teller effect Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel (RRK) theory Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus (RRKM) theory Ringelmann chart in atmospheric chemistry Ritchie equation Rosanoff convention Rp, Sp Rutherford backscattering (RBS) Rydberg constant Rydberg orbital Rydberg state Rydberg transition SIPN SM-interference SMILES SOMO STP Sackur–Tetrode constant Saytzeff rule Schenck reaction Schenck-sensitization mechanism Schiff bases (Schiff's bases) Schiller layers Schottky-barrier photodiode Schulze–Hardy rule Schulz–Zimm distribution Slater determinant Slater-type orbital Soret band Stark effect Stefan–Boltzmann constant Stern layer Stern–Volmer kinetic relationships Stock number Stockholm convention Stokes law Stokes number Stokes parameters Stokes shift Stokes type radiation Swain–Lupton equation Swain–Scott equation Système International d'Unités Szilard–Chalmers effect T-jump TD-DFT TICT TICT emission TICT state TRMC TSEP TTET Taft equation Transition to a cholesteric phase. Transition to a nematic phase. Transition to a smectic state. Troe expression Tung distribution a macromolecular assembly UCST UPS UV dose UV photoelectron spectroscopy UV stabilizer VUV Vavilov rule Verwey transition Volta potential difference Wagner number Walden inversion Weller correlation Westcott cross-section Wheland intermediate Wiegner effect Wigner matrices Wigner rule Wilzbach labelling Winstein–Holness A value Wittig reagents Wood horn Wood lamp Woodward–Hoffmann rules X-radiation X-ray escape peak X-ray fluorescence X-ray fluorescence analysis X-ray intensity X-ray level X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) X-ray satellite X-ray spectroscopy XPS YAG Yang photocyclization Young's modulus Yukawa–Tsuno equation Z-value Z50 a photochromic system Zaitsev rule Zeeman effect Zimm plot Zucker–Hammett hypothesis ab initio quantum mechanical methods abatement in atmospheric chemistry abeo- abiological abiotic abiotic transformation absolute activation analysis absolute activity absolute configuration absolute counting in radioanalytical chemistry absolute electrode potential absolute full energy peak efficiency absolute lethal concentration absolute lethal dose absolute photopeak efficiency absolute preconcentration in trace analysis absorbance absorbance matching in spectrochemical analysis absorbed (spectral) photon flux density absorbed (spectral) radiant power density absorbed dose a substance absorbed doseradiation absorbed electron coefficient in in situ microanalysis absorbed electrons in in situ microanalysis absorber absorptance absorption absorption coefficient absorption coefficient in biology absorption cross-section absorption factor absorption intensity absorption line absorption pathlength a sample cell absorption spectrum absorptivity abstraction abstraction process in catalysis abundance sensitivity in mass spectrometry accelerating voltage (high voltage, ) scan in mass spectrometry acceleration acceleration energy in in situ microanalysis acceleration of free fall accelerator in solvent extraction acceptable daily intake acceptor number accommodation coefficient accretion in atmospheric chemistry accuracy a measuring instrument accuracy measurement acenes acetals acetogenins acetonides acetylene black acetylenes acetylides achiral achirotopic aci-nitro compounds acid acid anhydrides acid deposition in atmospheric chemistry acid rain in atmospheric chemistry acid thioanhydrides acid-labile sulfur acidimetric titration acidity acidity constant acidity function acidosis acid–base indicator acid–base titration actinic actinic flux actinism actinometer actinometric factor action spectrum activated adsorption process activated carbon activated charcoal activated complex activation activation analysis (nuclear) activation cross-section activation energy (Arrhenius activation energy) activation in electrochemical corrosion activation in radiochemistry activation reaction activator active centre active medium active metal in electrochemical corrosion active site in heterogeneous catalysis active solid active species active state in electrochemical corrosion active transport in biology activity activity (relative activity) activity coefficient, activity, a radioactive material acute toxicity acyl anions acyl carbenes acyl cations acyl groups acyl halides acyl radicals acyl shift (1,2-, 1,3-, photochemical) acyl species acylals acylium ions acyloins acyloxyl radicals added hydrogen addend addition addition reaction additive additive name additivity mass spectra additivity principle adduct adduct ion in mass spectrometry adhesional wetting adiabatic adiabatic electron transfer adiabatic ionization in mass spectrometry adiabatic lapse rate in atmospheric chemistry adiabatic photoreaction adiabatic transition-state theory adiabatic treatments of reaction rates adjacent re-entry model in polymer crystals adjusted retention volume in chromatography adjuvant adsorbate adsorbent adsorber adsorption adsorption capacity adsorption chromatography adsorption complex adsorption current adsorption hysteresis adsorption indicator adsorption isobar adsorption isostere adsorption isotherm in chromatography adsorptive advancement advection in atmospheric chemistry adverse effect aeration in atmospheric chemistry aerobe aerobic aerobic conditions aerogel aeromete in atmospheric chemistry aerometric measurement in atmospheric chemistry aerosol aerosol hydrolysis affine chain behaviour affinity chromatography affinity of reaction after mass analysis in mass spectrometry ageing precipitate agglomerate in catalysis agglomerate in polymer science agglomeration (except in polymer science) agglomeration in polymer science agglutination aggregate in catalysis aggregate in polymer science aggregation (except in polymer science) aggregation in polymer science aging (ageing) a polymer aglycon (aglycone) agonist agostic agostic interaction agranular carbon air contaminant in atmospheric chemistry air mass in atmospheric chemistry air monitoring station in atmospheric chemistry air pollutant air pollution air pollution index (air quality index) air pollution survey in atmospheric chemistry air quality characteristic in atmospheric chemistry air resource management in atmospheric chemistry air sampling network in atmospheric chemistry air-lift bioreactor albedo albumin alcogel alcoholates alcohols alcoholysis aldaric acids aldazines aldehydes aldimines alditols aldoketoses aldonic acids aldoses aldoximes alert levels in atmospheric chemistry alicyclic compounds aliphatic compounds aliquot in analytical chemistry alkalimetric titration alkaloids alkalosis alkanes alkanium ions alkene photocycloaddition alkene photodimerization alkene photoisomerization alkene photorearrangement alkenes alkoxides alkoxyamines alkyl groups alkyl radicals alkylenes alkylidene groups alkylideneamino carbenes alkylideneaminoxyl radicals alkylideneaminyl radicals alkylidenes alkylidynes alkynes allele allenes allo- in amino-acid nomenclature allometric allosteric enzymes allostery allotriomorphic transition allotropes allotropic transition allylic groups allylic intermediates allylic substitution reaction alternancy symmetry alternant alternating copolymer alternating copolymerization alternating current alternating voltage altocumulus cloud in atmospheric chemistry altostratus cloud in atmospheric chemistry amalgam lamp ambident ambient air in atmospheric chemistry ambient air quality in atmospheric chemistry ambo amic acids amide hydrazones amide oximes amides amidines amidium ions amidrazones aminals amine imides amine imines amine oxides amine ylides amines aminimides aminium ions aminiumyl radical ions amino radicals amino sugars amino-acid residue in a polypeptide aminonitrenes aminooxyl radicals aminoxides aminoxyl radicals aminyl oxides aminyl radicals aminylenes aminylium ions ammonium compounds ammonium imines ammonium ylides ammoniumyl radical ions amorphous carbon amount concentration amount fraction, ( for gaseous mixtures) amount of substance amount-of-substance concentration amount-of-substance fraction ampere amperometric detection method in electrochemical analysis amphipathic amphiphilic amphiprotic (solvent) ampholytes ampholytic polymer amphoteric amplification reaction amplitude of alternating current amplitude of alternating voltage anabolism anaerobe anaerobic anaesthetic analgesic analogue metabolism analogue to digital converter (pulse) analyte analytical function analytical instrument analytical intercomparison analytical portion analytical pyrolysis analytical quality control analytical radiochemistry analytical sample analytical solution analytical solution calorimetry analytical unit (analyser) anation anchimeric assistance aneroid barometer angle angle of observation angle of optical rotation angle strain angular distribution angular frequency angular momentum angular overlap model (AOM) anhydrides anhydro bases anilides anils anion anion exchange anion exchanger anion radical anion-exchange polymer anionic polymer anionic polymerization anionotropic rearrangement (or anionotropy) anisometric anisotropy annelation annihilation annulation annulenes annulenylidenes anode anodic transfer coefficient anomeric effect anomers ansa compounds antagonism antagonist antarafacial anthelmint(h)ic anthocyanidins anthocyanins anti anti-Compton γ-ray spectrometer anti-Hammond effect anti-Markownikoff addition anti-Stokes shift anti-Stokes type radiation (fluorescence) anti-thixotropy antiaromatic compounds antiaromaticity (antithetical to aromaticity) antibiotic antibody antibonding molecular orbital anticholinergic anticircular elution (anticircular development) in planar chromatography anticlinal anticlined structures in polymers anticodon anticyclone in atmospheric chemistry antiferroelectric transition antiferromagnetic transition antigen antihelminth antimetabolite antimony–xenon lamp (arc) antimycotic antiparticle antiperiplanar antipodes antiprismo- antiresistant antiserum antisymmetry principle apex apex current apex potential aphicide apical (basal, equatorial) apicophilicity apo- in carotenoid nomenclature apoenzyme apoprotein apoptosis apparent (quantity) apparent lifetime apparent viscosity a liquid appearance energy (appearance potential) appearance potential appearance temperature in electrothermal atomization applied potential aprotic (solvent) aquagel aquation arachno- area an electrode-solution interface area of interface area viscosity areic arene epoxides arene oxides arenes arenium ions arenols arenonium ions argon ion laser arithmetic mean (average) aromatic aromatic photocycloaddition aromaticity arrester in atmospheric chemistry arsanes arsanylidenes arsanylium ions arsenides arsine oxides arsines arsinic acids arsinidenes arsinous acids arsonic acids arsonium compounds arsonous acids arsoranes artificial graphite artificial neural networks artificial radioactivity aryl cations aryl groups arylene groups aryne ascending elution (ascending development) in planar in in chromatography ash in atmospheric chemistry ashing in analysis aspirator assay assay kit association association reaction (associative combination) in mass in in spectrometry associative desorption associative ionization in mass spectrometry associative surface reaction asym- asymmetric asymmetric carbon atom asymmetric centre asymmetric destruction asymmetric film asymmetric induction asymmetric membrane asymmetric photochemistry asymmetric synthesis asymmetric transformation asymmetry asymmetry potential a glass electrode atactic macromolecule atactic polymer atmosphere atmosphere the earth atmospheric pressure ionization in mass spectrometry atom atom-atom polarizability atom-bond polarizability atomic charge atomic fluorescence atomic laser atomic mass atomic mass constant atomic mass unit atomic number atomic orbital, , atomic ring-sector atomic spectral lines atomic symbol atomic units atomic weight atomization in analytical flame spectroscopy atomization surface temperature in electrothermal atomization atomize atomizer in analytical flame spectroscopy atom–molecule complex mechanism atropisomers attachment attenuance attenuance filter attenuation attenuation coefficient atto attractive potential-energy surface attractive–mixed–repulsive (AMR) classification attributable risk aufbau principle autacoid auto-ionization in mass spectrometry autocatalytic reaction automation in analysis automerization autophobicity autopoisoning in catalysis autoprotolysis autoprotolysis constant autoradiograph autoradiolysis auxiliary electrode auxochrome auxotrophy avalanche photodiode average current density average degree of polymerization average life in nuclear chemistry average rate of flow in polarography avoided crossing potential-energy surfaces axial (equatorial) axial chirality axialite in polymer crystals axis of chirality axis of helicity aza-di-π-methane rearrangement azacarbenes azamines azanes azenes azides azimines azines azinic acids azlactones azo compounds azo imides azo ylides azomethine imides azomethine oxides azomethine ylides azomethines azonic acids azoxy compounds azylenes back donation back electron transfer back extraction back scatter coefficient in in situ microanalysis back scattered electrons (BSEs) in in situ microanalysis back washing backbone backflush background a radiation measuring device background concentration (level) in atmospheric chemistry background mass spectrum background radiation backscatter backscattering spectroscopy baffle chamber in atmospheric chemistry bag filter in atmospheric chemistry baghouse in atmospheric chemistry baking in carbon chemistry band spectra bandgap energy bandpass filter bar barbiturates barn basal base base electrolyte base kind of quantity base pairing base peak in mass spectrometry base quantity base unit measurement baseline concentration in atmospheric chemistry baseline error in spectrochemical analysis baseline in chromatography basicity basicity function basis function basis set batch in analytical chemistry batch injection calorimetry batch operation in analysis batch reactor bathochromic shift (effect) bead-rod model bead-spring model beam current in in situ microanalysis beam diameter in in situ microanalysis beam-gas experiments becquerel bed volume in chromatography before mass analysis in mass spectrometry benchmark dose and lower effective dose bending of energy bands benzenium ions benzenonium ions benzylic groups benzylic intermediates benzynes betaines betweenanenes bias bias error biased linear pulse amplifier bicycle rearrangement bicycle-pedal (BP) mechanism bifunctional catalysis bilayer bimodal distribution bimodal network bimodal polymer network bimolecular binder binder coke binder in chromatography binding energy binding site bioassay bioavailability (general) bioavailabilty in pharmacokinetics biocatalyst biochemical (biological) oxygen demand biochip bioconjugate bioconversion biodegradable polymer biodegradation bioelectronics bioisostere biological effect monitoring biological exposure index biological half life biological monitoring biological tolerance values for working materials (Biologische Arbeitsstoff Toleranz Werte (BAT)) bioluminescence biomarker biomass biomimetic biopolymers bioreactor biosensor biosphere in atmospheric chemistry biosynthesis biotechnology biotransformation biphotonic excitation biphotonic process bipolarons bipolymer biradical biradicaloid bisecting conformation (eclipsing conformation) bismuthanes bismuthines bisphenols bivane in atmospheric chemistry black film blank value in analysis blaze-angle in spectrochemical analysis bleaching in photochemistry block block copolymer block macromolecule block polymer blotting in biotechnology blowdown in atmospheric chemistry blue shift boat body burden bohr bolometer bomb-digestion in spectrochemical analysis bond bond dissociation bond energy (mean bond energy) bond energy in theoretical chemistry bond length bond migration bond number bond opposition strain bond orbital bond order bond ring-sector bond-dissociation energy bond-dissociation energy (BDE) in theoretical chemistry bond-energy-bond-order method bonded phase in chromatography bonding molecular orbital bonding number boranes boranylidenes borderline mechanism borenes borinic acids boronic acids borylenes boson bound fraction in radioanalytical chemistry boundary layer in atmospheric chemistry bowsprit (flagpole) branch (side chain, pendant chain) in polymers branch point in polymers branch unit in polymers branched chain in polymers branched polymer in polymers branching chain reaction branching decay branching fraction branching index in polymers branching plane branching ratio break a foam break an emulsion breeching in atmospheric chemistry breeze in atmospheric chemistry bridge bridge index bridge solution in measurement bridged carbocation bridgehead bridging ligand brightness brightness a laser dye bromohydrins bromonium ions brush macromolecule bubble column bubbler in atmospheric chemistry buffer-addition technique in analytical flame in in spectroscopy bulk concentration in electroanalysis bulk mesophase bulk rheology bulk sample bulk strain burn-up burn-up fraction burning tension an electrical arc burning velocitya flame front in flame emission and absorption spectrometry bypass injector in gas chromatography cDNA cadmium–helium laser cage cage compound cage effect calcination calcined coke calibration component calibration curve calibration function in analysis calibration gas mixture in atmospheric chemistry calibration in analysis calibration material in analysis calibration mixture in analysis calibration sample in analysis calixarenes calorie calorimetric titration calorimetry candela canonical form canonical rate constant canonical variational transition-state theory (CVTST) capacitance hygrometer capacitancea plate capacitor capillary column in chromatography capillary condensation captodative effect capture capture cross-section capture γ-radiation carbaboranes carbamates carbanion carbena carbene analogues carbene metal complexes carbene radical anions carbene radical cations carbenes carbenium centre carbenium ion carbenoids carbinolamines carbinols carbinyl cations carbo-reduction carbocation carbocyclic compounds carbodiimides carbohydrates carbon carbon artifact carbon black carbon cenospheres carbon cloth carbon dioxide laser (CO2 laser) carbon electrode carbon felt carbon fibre carbon fibre fabrics carbon fibres type HM carbon fibres type HT carbon fibres type IM carbon fibres type LM carbon fibres type UHM carbon loading the packing material in liquid chromatography carbon material carbon mix carbon whiskers carbonaceous mesophase carbonitriles carbonium ion carbonization carbonyl compounds carbonyl imides carbonyl imines carbonyl oxides carbonyl ylides carbon–carbon composite carboranes carboxamides carboxamidines carboxylic acids carbylamines carbyne metal complexes carbynes carbynium ions carotenes carotenoids carrier carrier atom in organic reaction mechanisms carrier gas carrier in radioanalytical chemistry carrier protein carrier-free carry-over carry-over effect cascade impactor catabolism catabolite repression catalase catalymetric titration catalysed rate of reaction catalysis catalysis law catalyst catalyst ageing catalyst deactivation catalyst decay catalyst in solvent extraction catalytic activity concentration catalytic activity content catalytic activity fraction an isozyme catalytic activityan enzyme catalytic coefficient catalytic concentration catalytic content catalytic cracking catalytic current catalytic current, limiting catalytic dehydrocyclization catalytic domain a polypeptide catalytic fraction catalytic graphitization catalytic hydrocracking catalytic hydrodesulfurization catalytic hydrogenolysis catalytic methanation catalytic reforming catalytic thermometric titration cataphoresis catecholamines catena- catenanes (catena compounds) cathode cathodic transfer coefficient cation cation exchange cation exchanger cation radical cation-exchange polymer cationic polymer cationic polymerization cationotropic rearrangement cationotropy cavitands cavity dumping in photochemistry ceiling value ceilometer in atmospheric chemistry cell constant a conductivity cell cell error in spectrochemical analysis cell line centi central atom centre a Mossbauer spectrum centre of chirality centrifugal (centripetal) acceleration centrifugal barrier centrifugal flow centrifugal force centrifugal radius cephalins (kephalins) cephalosporins cephams cephems ceramer ceramic ceramic filter ceramic precursor ceramic yield ceramic-reinforced polymer ceramization chain axis a polymer chain branching chain carrier chain entanglement chain fission yield chain folding in polymer crystals chain in polymers chain initiation chain length chain polymerization chain reaction chain scission a polymer chain transfer chain-ending step chain-orientational disorder in polymer crystals chain-propagating reaction chain-termination reaction chair, boat, twist chair–chair interconversion chalcones chamber saturation in gas chromatography change of a quantity change ratio of a quantity channel channel black channel photomultiplier tube chaperon char characteristic X-radiation characteristic X-ray emission characteristic group in organic nomenclature characteristic in analytical chemistry characteristic length in thin films characteristic mass for integrated absorbance in electrothermal atomization characteristic mass for peak absorption in electrothermal atomization characteristic mass in electrothermal atomization characteristic potential characteristic ratio in polymers characteristic scale in thin films charcoal charge charge density charge hopping charge number charge number a cell reaction , charge number in inorganic nomenclature charge population charge recombination charge separation charge shift charge transfer transition to solvent (CTTS) charge-exchange ionization in mass spectrometry charge-exchange reaction charge-inversion mass spectrum charge-permutation reaction charge-stripping reaction charge-transfer (CT) state charge-transfer (CT) transition charge-transfer adsorption charge-transfer complex charge-transfer device in radiation detection charge-transfer reaction in mass spectrometry charge-transfer step an electrode reaction charring chelate chelating polymer chelation chelatometric titration cheletropic reaction chelotropic reaction chemi-ionization in mass spectrometry chemical actinometer chemical activation chemical adsorption chemical amount chemical amplification chemical bond chemical decomposition chemical diffusion chemical dosimeter chemical element chemical equilibrium chemical flux chemical functionality chemical induction (coupling) chemical ionization in mass spectrometry chemical isotope exchange chemical laser chemical measurement process (CMP) chemical modification chemical oxygen demand chemical potential chemical reaction chemical reaction equation chemical relaxation chemical shift in NMR chemical shift in photoelectron and Auger spectra chemical species chemical species an element chemical substance chemical vapour generation in spectrochemical analysis chemical yield chemically bonded hybrid (material) chemically induced dynamic electron polarization (CIDEP) chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (CIDNP) chemically initiated electron exchange luminescence (CIEEL) chemiexcitation chemiflux chemiluminescence chemiluminescence analyser chemiluminescent methods of detection in analysis chemisorption (chemical adsorption) chemometrics chemoselectivity (chemoselective) chemospecificity chemostat chimney effect in atmospheric chemistry chiral chiral mobile phase chiral selector chiral stationary phase in liquid chromatography chirality chirality axis chirality centre chirality element chirality plane chirality sense chiroptic/chiroptical chirotopic chloramines chlorocarbons chlorohydrins chloronium ions cholesteric phase chromatogram chromatograph (noun) chromatograph (verb) chromatographic detector chromatography chromophore chromosome chronic toxicity cine-substitution circular development circular dichroism (CD) circular elution circular frequency cis conformation in polymers cis, trans cis- in inorganic nomenclature cis-fused cis-trans isomers cisoid conformation cistactic polymer class (a) metal ion class (b) metal ion class of helix in polymers clathrates clausius clay hybrid clean surface clean up in spectrochemical analysis clearance clearance in toxicology clearing point clinal clone closed film closed shell molecular systems closed system in spectrochemical analysis closo- cloud in atmospheric chemistry cluster cluster analysis cluster ion in mass spectrometry cmc co-ions co-oligomer co-oligomerization co-solvency in polymers coacervation coagulation coagulation (flocculation) in colloid chemistry coal tar pitch coal-derived pitch coke coalescence in colloid chemistry coalification cobalamines codon coefficient coefficient of haze in atmospheric chemistry coenzyme coextraction cofactors coherence length in thin films coherent (derived) unit measurement coherent radiation coherent scattering coherent source in spectrochemistry coherent structure coherent system of units measurement coincidence circuit coincidence resolving time coke coke breeze coking col (saddle point) cold neutrons collection collection efficiency in atmospheric chemistry collection gas flow system in spectrochemical in in analysis collector (scavenger) collector in atmospheric chemistry colligation collimation collimator collinear reaction collision complex collision cross-section collision density collision diameter collision efficiency collision frequency collision number collision theory collision-induced dissociation in mass in in spectrometry collisional activation (collisionally activated dissociation) in mass spectrometry collisional broadening a spectral line collisional excitation in mass spectrometry colloid colloid osmotic pressure (Donnan pressure) colloidal colloidal carbon colloidal dispersion colloidal electrolyte colloidal gel colloidal network colloidal processing colloidal suspension colloidally stable color scale colorimeter colour indicator colourability column chromatography column in chromatography column volume in chromatography comb macromolecule comb polymer combination electrode combined sample combustion gas commensurate–incommensurate transition common black film common-ion effect (on rates) communities (consortia, syntrophic or synergistic associations) compact layer in electrochemistry comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) comparator in radioanalytical chemistry compartmental analysis compatible polymer blend compensation effect compensation in catalysis compensation in stereochemistry competition competitive binding assay competitive inhibition catalysis complementary DNA (cDNA) complementary binding sites complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) complete active space self-consistent field second-order perturbation theory (CASPT2) complex complex coacervation complex mechanism complex reaction complex-mode reaction complexometric titration component composite composite mechanism composite membrane composite reaction composite sample composition of pure air in atmospheric chemistry compositional heterogeneity polymers compressibility factor compression factor comproportionation computational chemistry computational photochemistry computer-assisted drug design (CADD) computer-assisted molecular design (CAMD) computer-assisted molecular modeling (CAMM) concave isotherm in chromatography concentrated phase in polymer chemistry concentration concentration depolarization concentration distribution ratio in chromatography concentration factor in solvent extraction concentration gradient concentration in experimental surface (or surface concentration) concentration overpotential concentration thermometric technique in enthalpimetric analysis concentration-cell corrosion concentration-sensitive detector in chromatography concerted process concerted reaction condensation in atmospheric chemistry condensation nuclei (CN) in atmospheric chemistry condensation polymerization (polycondensation) condensation reaction condensative chain polymerization conditional (formal) potential conditional rate constant of an electrode reaction conditioning in solvent extraction conductance conducting polymer conducting polymer composite conduction band conductivity, confidence level confidence limits (about the mean) configuration (electronic) configuration (stereochemical) configuration interaction (CI) configurational base unit in polymers configurational disorder in polymers configurational homosequence in polymers configurational repeating unit in polymers configurational sequence in polymers configurational unit in polymers confined atomizer conformation conformational analysis conformational analysis in drug design conformational disorder in polymers conformational repeating unit a polymer conformer congener conglomerate congruent transition conical intersection coning and quartering in analytical chemistry conjugate acid–base pair conjugate solutions conjugated system (conjugation) conjugation conjugation in gene technology conjugation labelling in radioanalytical chemistry conjugative mechanism conjunctive name connectivity connectivity in polymer chemistry conrotatory consecutive reactions consecutive steps conservation of orbital symmetry consignment in analytical chemistry consistency consolute point constituent constitution constitutional heterogeneity polymers constitutional homosequence constitutional isomerism constitutional repeating unit (CRU) in polymers constitutional sequence in polymers constitutional unit constitutive enzymes contact angle contact corrosion contact ion pair contact potential difference (Volta potential difference) contamination content continuity inversion in solvent extraction continuous analyser continuous bed packing in liquid chromatography continuous flow continuous flow enthalpimetry continuous indication analyser continuous measuring cell continuous operation in analysis continuous precipitation continuous transition continuous wave (CW) laser continuous-flow cell in spectrochemical analysis continuously curved chain in polymers contour length in polymers contributing structure control material in analysis control sample in analysis controlled atmosphere in atmospheric chemistry convection (as applied to air motion) convenience sample conventional transition-state theory conventional true value conversion cross-section conversion electron conversion spectrum convex isotherm in chromatography cooperative transition cooperativity coordinate covalence coordinate link coordination coordination entity coordination number coordination polyhedron (polygon) coordinatively saturated complex coordinatively unsaturated complex copolymer copolymer micelle copolymerization copper vapour laser coprecipitation copy number in biotechnology core atom in organic reaction mechanisms coronands (coronates) corrected emission spectrum corrected excitation spectrum corrected retention volume in gas chromatography correlation analysis correlation coefficient correlation diagram correlation energy corrinoids (cobalamines, corphyrins, corrins, vitamin B12 compounds) corrosion corrosion cell corrosion current corrosion potential corrosion rate cosolvent cosphere cotectic coulomb coulomb integral coulometric detection method in electrochemical in in analysis coulometric titration coumarins count counter tube counter-current flow counter-ions counting efficiency counting loss counting rate coupled (indicator) reaction in analysis coupled cluster (CC) method coupled simultaneous techniques in analysis coupling coupling constant (spin-spin) covalent bond covalent network cracking crazing cream cream volume creaming creep cresols critical concentration critical embryo critical energy (threshold energy) critical excitation energy in in situ microanalysis critical ion-concentration in an ionomer critical micelle concentration critical point critical pressure critical quenching radius critical solution composition critical solution point critical solution temperature critical study critical temperature critical thickness a film cross reaction cross-conjugation cross-flow filtration in biotechnology cross-over concentration crossed electric and magnetic fields in mass spectrometry crossed molecular beams crossing over in biotechnology crosslink crosslink density crosslinking crosslinking site crowding in solvent extraction crown crown conformation crud in solvent extraction cryogenic cryogenic sampling cryptand cryptate crystal diffraction spectrometer crystal field crystal field splitting crystal laser crystal photochemistry crystalline electrodes crystalline polymer crystallinity crystallization cumulative double bonds cumulative fission yield cumulative sample cumulenes cumulonimbus cloud in atmospheric chemistry cumulus cloud in atmospheric chemistry cupola curie curing current density current density (relative local) current distribution current efficiency current migration current yield curve-crossing model cut off in aerosol sizes in atmospheric chemistry cut-off filter cut-on filter cyanates cyanides cyanine dyes cyanogenic cyanohydrins cybotactic region cycles per second cyclic acid anhydrides (cyclic anhydrides) cyclitols cyclization cyclo- cycloaddition cycloalkanes cycloalkyl groups cyclodepsipeptides cyclodextrins cycloelimination cyclohexadienyl cations cyclone (collector) in atmospheric chemistry cyclophanes cyclopolymerization cycloreversion cyclosilazanes cyclosiloxanes cyclotron cytochrome P450 cytochromes d, l, dl dalton dark current dark output dark photochemistry (photochemistry without light) dark reaction (darkness reaction) dark resistance data reduction dative bond daughter ion in mass spectrometry daughter product in radiochemistry day de Mayo reaction de-electronation de-energization efficiency deactivation dead time an analyser dead time correction in radioanalytical chemistry dead time in radioanalytical chemistry dead-volume in chromatography debye deca decadic absorbance decay chain decay constant decay curve decay rate a radioactive material decay rate in atmospheric chemistry decay scheme in radioanalytical chemistry decay time in heterogenous catalysis deci decibel decomposition decontamination factor in liquid-liquid distribution definitive method deflection (for a precision balance) deflocculation deflocculation (peptization) degeneracy degenerate chain branching degenerate chemical reaction degenerate orbitals degenerate rearrangement degree Celsius degree Fahrenheit degree arc degree of (polarization) anisotropy degree of activation degree of association a micelle degree of crystallinity a polymer degree of dissociation degree of inhibition degree of ionization degree of polymerization degree of reaction degrees of cistacticity and transtacticity degrees of freedom degrees of triad isotacticity, syndiotacticity, and heterotacticity dehydroarenes dehydrobenzenes delayed coincidence delayed coke delayed coking process delayed fluorescence delayed luminescence delayed neutrons deliquescence delocalization delocalization energy (DE) delocalization in theoretical organic chemistry demister denaturation a macromolecule denaturation alcohol dendrite denitrification densification density density inversion in solvent extraction density of states, denticity denuder system (tube or assembly) deodorizer in atmospheric chemistry deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) depolarization of scattered light depolarizer depolymerization deposition in atmospheric chemistry deposition velocity in atmospheric chemistry depsides depsipeptides depth of penetration light depth profile depth resolution deracemization derivative potentiometric titration derivative spectroscopy derived coherent unit derived kind of quantity derived non-coherent unit derived quantity derived unit measurement descending elution/development in planar in in chromatography deshielding desiccant desolvation in flame spectroscopy desorption desorption (by displacement) desulfurization desymmetrization desymmetrization step detachment detailed balancing (principle of) detection efficiency in nuclear analytical chemistry detection limit detection limit in analysis detergent detoxification deuteriation deuteride deuterio deuterium deuteron deviation devolatilizer dew point hygrometer (cooled surface condensation) dew point in atmospheric chemistry dextrans dextrins di-π-methane rearrangement di-π-silane rearrangement diabatic coupling diabatic electron transfer diabatic photoreaction diacylamines diads in polymers diagram level in X-ray spectroscopy diagram line in X-ray spectroscopy dialysate dialysis dialysis residue diamagnetic diamidides diamond diamond by CVD diamond-like carbon films dianions diastereoisomer (diastereoisomeric) excess diastereoisomeric units in a polymer diastereoisomerism diastereoisomerization diastereoisomers diastereomeric ratio diastereomers diastereomorphism diastereoselectivity diastereotopic diazanylidenes diazenyl radicals diazo compounds diazoamino compounds diazoates diazonium salts diazooxides diazotates dicarbenium ions dichotomous sampler dichroic filter dichroic mirror dichroism dielectric constant dielectric polarization dienes dienophile difference absorption spectroscopy differential capacitance differential detector in chromatography differential diffusion coefficient differential molar energy of adsorption differential molar interfacial energy differential molar surface excess energy differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) differential thermal analysis (DTA) differential viscosity diffraction diffraction analysis diffuse layer in electrochemistry diffused junction semiconductor detector diffuser diffusion diffusion battery diffusion coefficient diffusion control diffusion current (or diffusion-controlled current) diffusion current constant in polarography diffusion layer (concentration boundary layer) diffusion layer thickness diffusion potential diffusion-controlled rate diffusional transition diffusionless transition dihedral angle diisotactic polymer dilatancy dilational (dilatational) transition dilational viscosity diluent gas diluent in solvent extraction dilute phase in polymer chemistry dilute solution diluter dilution rate in biotechnology dimension a quantity dimensionless quantities dimeric ion in mass spectrometry dimerization diode laser diols diosphenols dioxin dipolar aprotic solvent dipolar bond dipolar compounds dipolar cycloaddition dipolar ions dipolar mechanism energy transfer dipole length dipole moment dipole moment per volume dipole-induced dipole forces dipole–dipole excitation transfer dipole–dipole interaction dipyrrins dipyrromethenes diradicaloid diradicals direct (radiochemical) isotope dilution analysis direct amplification direct current direct effect direct fission yield direct reaction direct thermometric method in enthalpimetric analysis direct transfer gas flow system in spectrochemical in in analysis direct-injection burner (for analytical flame spectroscopy) direct-injection enthalpimetry disaccharides discomfort threshold in atmospheric chemistry discontinuous analyser discontinuous indication an analyser discontinuous measuring cell discontinuous phase transition discontinuous precipitation discontinuous simultaneous techniques in analysis discrete transport discriminant analysis discriminator disintegration constant disintegration energy disintegration rate a radioactive material disjoining pressure (for the attraction between two surfaces) dismutation dispenser dispersion (for spectroscopic instruments) dispersion forces dispersion in atmospheric chemistry displacement chromatography displacive transition disproportionation disrotatory disruptor dissociation dissociation energy, dissociative adsorption (dissociative chemisorption) dissociative chemisorption dissociative ionization in mass spectrometry dissociative surface reaction dissolution dissymmetry in stereochemistry dissymmetry of scattering distonic radical cation distribuend distribution distribution coefficient distribution constant distribution constant in chromatography distribution function in polymers distribution isotherm in chromatography distribution ratio in liquid-liquid distribution disyndiotactic polymer ditactic polymer diterpenoids dithioacetals diurnal variation in atmospheric chemistry dividing surface docking studies dodecahedro- dolichols donor number (DN) dopant doping in catalysis doping in polymer chemistry dosage in atmospheric chemistry dose dose a substance dose equivalent dose in radioanalytical chemistry dose-response and dose-effect relationships double escape peak double-beam spectrometer (for luminescence spectroscopy) double-focusing mass spectrograph double-focusing mass spectrometer double-layer double-layer current double-strand chain in polymers double-strand copolymer double-strand macromolecule double-strand polymer double-wavelength spectroscopy doublet state doubling time in biotechnology down-time in analysis downconversion downfield downstream in membrane processes downwash in atmospheric chemistry drift driving force (affinity) of a reaction driving force (for electron transfer) drop time in polarography droplet in atmospheric chemistry drug drug design dry bulb temperature in atmospheric chemistry drying agent drying control chemical additive dual fluorescence systems or molecular species dual substituent-parameter equation dual-mode photochromism dust collector in atmospheric chemistry dust fall in atmospheric chemistry dust in atmospheric chemistry dye laser dynamic field(s) mass spectrometer dynamic interfacial tension dynamic membrane formation dynamic quenching dynamic range an analyser dynamic reaction path (DRP) dynamic surface tension dynamic thermomechanometry dynamic viscosity dyne dyotropic rearrangement dypnones early-downhill surface eclipsed (eclipsing) eclipsing conformation eclipsing strain ectohormone eddy eddy dispersion (diffusion) educt effective cadmium cut-off energy in nuclear analytical chemistry effective charge effective chimney height (stack height) effective half life effective molarity (effective concentration) effective theoretical plate number a chromatographic column effective thermal cross-section effective thickness of diffusion layer effectively infinite thickness in flame spectroscopy effectiveness effector efficiency a counter efficiency of atomization in analytical flame spectroscopy efficiency of nebulization in flame spectrometry efficiency spectrum efficiencya step efflorescence effluent effluent in chromatography eicosanoids eighteen-electron rule einstein elastic collision elastic scattering in reaction dynamics elastic scattering in spectrochemistry elastically active network chain elastomer electric capacitance electric charge electric coherence length in thin films electric conductance electric conductivity electric current electric current density electric dipole moment electric displacement electric field (strength) electric mobility, electric polarizability electric potential electric potential differencea galvanic cell electric resistance electric resistivity electric sector in mass spectrometry electrical arc electrical double-layer electrical hygrometer electrically conducting polymer electrified interphase electro-dialysis electro-endosmosis electro-osmosis electro-osmotic hold-up time in capillary electromigration electro-osmotic mobility in capillary electromigration, or electro-osmotic pressure electro-osmotic velocity electro-osmotic volume flow electroactive substance electrocapillarity electrocapillary equation electrochemical detector in gas chromatography electrochemical method of detection in analysis electrochemical potential electrochemiluminescence electrochromic effect electrocyclic reaction electrode current density electrode memory electrode potential electrode process electrode reaction electrode reaction rate constants electrodecantation (or electrophoresis convection) electrodeposition electrofuge electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) electrographite electrokinetic potential electroluminescence electroluminescent polymer electrolytic hygrometer electromeric effect electromigration electromotive force electron electron acceptor electron affinity electron attachment electron back-transfer electron beam curing electron capture electron capture detector in gas chromatography electron charge electron configuration electron correlation electron density electron density function electron detachment electron donor electron energy in mass spectrometry electron exchange excitation transfer electron impact ionization in mass spectrometry electron ionization in mass spectrometry electron jump electron kinetic energy electron microscopy electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPXMA) electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) electron rest mass electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) electron stopping power in X-ray emission spectroscopy electron transfer electron transfer photosensitization electron work function electron-counting rules electron-deficient bond electron-deficient compounds electron-donor-acceptor complex electron-exchange polymer electron-pair acceptor electron-pair donor electron-transfer catalysis electronation electronegativity electroneutrality principle electronic chemical potential electronic configuration electronic effect of substituents: symbols and signs electronic energy migration (or hopping) electronic stability electronic state electronic transition moment electronically excited state electronvolt electrophile (electrophilic) electrophilicity electrophoresis electrophoresis convection electrophoretic mobility electrophoretic velocity electrophotography electrosmosis electrostatic filter electrostatic precipitator electrostriction electrothermal atomizer in spectrochemical analysis electroviscous effects element element effect element of chirality elementary charge elementary entity elementary particle in nuclear chemistry elementary reaction elimination eluate eluent elute elution elution band in chromatography elution chromatography elution curve elutriation emanation thermal analysis embryo emission emission anisotropy emission control equipment in atmospheric chemistry emission flux in atmospheric chemistry emission in atmospheric chemistry emission spectrum emittance empirical formula emulsifier emulsion enamines enantioconvergence enantioenriched enantiomer enantiomer excess (enantiomeric excess) enantiomeric groups enantiomeric purity enantiomeric ratio enantiomeric units in a polymer enantiomerically enriched (enantioenriched) enantiomerically pure (enantiopure) enantiomerism enantiomerization enantiomorph enantiomorphous structures in polymers enantiopure enantioselectivity enantiotopic enantiotropic mesophase enantiotropic transition encapsulation in catalysis encounter encounter complex encounter control encounter pair encounter-controlled rate end-group end-point end-to-end distance in polymers end-to-end vector in polymers endergonic (or endoergic) reaction endo, exo, syn, anti endocytosis endoenzymes endothermic reaction ene reaction energized species energy energy a radiation energy dispersion in emission spectrometry energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis energy dispersive detector energy flux density energy gradient energy hypersurface (synonymous with potential energy surface, PES) energy migration energy of activation energy of activation an electrode reaction energy pooling energy profile energy resolution in radiochemistry energy storage efficiency energy threshold in radiochemistry energy transfer in photochemistry energy transfer plot in photochemistry energy yield of luminescence enforced concerted mechanism enhanced phosphorescence analysis in luminescence spectroscopy enhancement reaction in analytical chemistry enhancer enolates enols enophile enoses enrichment factor in liquid-liquid distribution enrichment, isotopic ent entanglement network entatic state entering group enthalpimetric analysis enthalpimetric flow injection analysis enthalpimetric titration enthalpimetry enthalpogram enthalpy enthalpy of activation enthalpy of immersion enthalpy of wetting entitic entitic quantity entrainment in atmospheric chemistry entrainment in photochemistry entrance channel entropy entropy of activation entropy unit envelope conformation environmental (or ambient) monitoring environmental stress cracking enzyme activator enzyme activity enzyme induction in general chemistry enzyme induction in medicinal chemistry enzyme inhibitor enzyme repression enzyme substrate electrode enzyme thermistor enzymes enzymic decomposition epi-phase epicadmium neutrons epigenetic epihalohydrins epimerization epimers episulfonium ions epithermal neutrons epitope epoxides epoxy compounds equalization of electronegativity, principle of equatorial equilibration equilibrium constant equilibrium control equilibrium dialysate equilibrium distance in a molecule equilibrium film equilibrium geometry equilibrium isotope effect equilibrium reaction equilibrium sedimentation equilibrium solution equivalence point equivalence postulate in polymer chemistry equivalent chain in polymers equivalent diameter equivalent entity erg error measurement erythro structures in a polymer erythro, threo escape depth (for surface analysis techniques) esters ethers euatmotic reaction eupeptide bond eutectic reaction evaluation function evaporation even-electron ion evolved gas analysis (EGA) evolved gas detection (EGD) exa excess Rayleigh ratio excess acidity excess mass (at a solid/liquid interface) excess volume (at a solid/liquid interface) exchange current an electrode reaction exchange extraction exchange integral exchange labelling exchange repulsion exchange-inversion transition excimer excimer lamp excimer laser excimer-luminescence in luminescence quenching excipient in toxicology exciplex exciplex-luminescence in luminescence quenching excitation excitation energy excitation energy in in situ microanalysis excitation level in X-ray spectroscopy excitation spectrum excitation transfer excitation-emission spectrum excited state exciton excluded volume of a macromolecule in polymers excluded volume of a segment in polymers exclusion chromatography exergonic (exoergic) reaction exfoliated graphite exfoliation exit channel exitance exo exoenzymes exon exothermic reaction expansion factor in polymers expectation value expected value experimental perturbational calculation explosivity limits (explosion limits) exponential decay exposure in medicinal chemistry exposure in nuclear chemistry exposure in photochemistry expression in biotechnology extended Hammett equation extended Hückel MO method (EHMO) extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) extended-chain crystal in polymers extender extensive quantity extent of an interface (surface) extent of reaction external compensation external heavy atom effect external ion return external ion-pair return external photoelectric effect external return external standard in chromatography external surface exterplex extinction extinction coefficient extra-column volume in chromatography extract (noun) extract (verb) extractability in solvent extraction extractant extracting agent extraction extraction (equilibrium) constant extraction coefficient extraction factor extraction fractionation polymers extraction in process liquid-liquid distribution extraction isotherm extraction process in catalysis extrapolated range in radiochemistry extremophiles extrusion transformation f number f-functional branch point f-functional branch unit fabric filter fac- factor factor-group splitting fall time fallout in atmospheric chemistry fanning in atmospheric chemistry farad faradaic current faradaic current density faradaic demodulation current faradaic rectification current fast atom bombardment ionization fast neutrons fast-atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectroscopy fatiguea photochromic system fatty acids feed rate in catalysis feed-back inhibition (end product inhibition) in biotechnology feedback in analysis feedback in kinetics femto fenestranes fermentation fermenter fermi fermion feromone ferredoxin ferrimagnetic transition ferrocenophanes ferroelastic transition ferroelectric (antiferroelectric) transition ferroelectric polymer ferroic transition ferromagnetic polymer ferromagnetic transition fertile in radioanalytical chemistry fibrillar morphology fibrous activated carbon fibrous carbon fibrous crystal in polymers fiducial group field desorption in mass spectrometry field effect field effect phototransistor field ionization in mass spectrometry field level filamentous carbon filler filler coke filling solution a reference electrode film film badge in radioanalytical chemistry film element film tension filter filter a radiation filter spectrometer filtration fine structure constant first-order phase transition first-pass effect fissile in radioanalytical chemistry fission fragment ionization in mass spectrometry fission fragments fission neutrons fission products fission yield fissionable fixed ions fixed neutral loss (gain) scan in mass spectrometry fixed neutral loss (gain) spectrum in mass spectrometry fixed precursor ion scan in mass spectrometry fixed product ion scan in mass spectrometry fixed product ion spectrum in mass spectrometry flagpole flame ionization detector in gas chromatography flame photometric detector in gas chromatography flame photometry flame-in-tube atomizer in spectrochemical analysis flammable limits flash fluorimetry (phosphorimetry) flash lamps flash photolysis flash point flash vacuum pyrolysis (FVP) flat band potential (at a semiconductor/solution interphase) flat bands flavins flavonoids (isoflavonoids and neoflavonoids) flavoproteins flavylium salts floating monolayer floc flocculation floccule flotation flow analysis flow birefringence flow enthalpimetry flow injection flow injection enthalpimetry flow rate a quantity flow rate in chromatography flow rate in flame emission and absorption spectrometry flow rate of unburnt gas mixture in flame emission and absorption spectrometry flow reactor flow resistance parameter in chromatography flow-programmed chromatography flue gas in atmospheric chemistry flue gas scrubber in atmospheric chemistry fluence rate fluence, , fluid coke fluidity fluidized bed fluoresceins fluorescence fluorescence error in spectrochemical analysis fluorescence excitation X-rays fluorescence lifetime fluorescence resonance energy transfer fluorescence yield fluorimeter fluorocarbons fluorogenic fluorohydrins fluorophore flux depression fluxa quantity fluxional fly ash in atmospheric chemistry foam foam fractionation foaming agent fog fog horizon in atmospheric chemistry folates fold domain in polymer crystals fold in polymer crystals fold plane in polymer crystals fold surface in polymer crystals folded-chain crystal in polymers foot forbidden line in X-ray spectroscopy force force constants force-field calculation foreign-gas broadening formamidine disulfides formation constant formazans forward scattering fossil fuel fouling agent in catalysis fouling in membrane processes fractal agglomerate fractal dimension fraction fraction collector in chromatography fraction extracted fractional change of a quantity fractional selectivity in catalysis fractionation analytes fractionation polymers fragment ion in mass spectrometry fragmentation fragmentation reaction in mass spectrometry frame-shift mutation franklin free charge density on the interface free electron laser free energy free radical free rotation (hindered rotation, restricted rotation) free spiro union free-radical photosubstitution free-running laser freely draining freely jointed chain in polymers freely rotating chain in polymers freezing freezing out in atmospheric chemistry frequency distribution frequency doubling frequency, frequency, , in photochemistry frequency-domain fluorometry friction coefficient friction factor frictional coefficient in polymer chemistry fringed-micelle model in polymer crystals front surface geometry in luminescence frontal chromatography frontier orbitals fronting in chromatography frost point hygrometer froth flotation fucolipid fuel cycle (nuclear) fuel element (nuclear) fuel reprocessing (nuclear) fugacity coefficient fugacity, fulgides full energy peak fullerenes fulminates fulvalenes fulvenes fume in atmospheric chemistry fumes fumigation in atmospheric chemistry functional class name functional group functional parent functional polymer functionalitya monomer fungicide furanocoumarins furanoses furnace black furnace pyrolysis in spectrochemical analysis furocoumarins fusion in biotechnology fusion name gaina photomultiplier galvanic corrosion gas analysis installation in atmospheric chemistry gas black (carbon black, channel black, furnace black) gas chromatography (GC) gas constant gas laser gas sensing electrode gas-filled X-ray detector gas-filled phototube gas-liquid chromatography gas-phase acidity gas-phase basicity gas-phase-grown carbon fibres gas-solid chromatography gaseous diffusion separator in atmospheric chemistry gated photochromism gated photodetector gauche gauche conformation in polymers gauche effect gauss gel gel aging gel fraction gel microparticle gel nanoparticle gel permeation chromatography gel point gel temperature gel time gelation gelation point gelation temperature gelation time geminate ion pair geminate pair geminate recombination gene (cistron) gene amplification gene library gene manipulation general acid catalysis general acid–base catalysis general base catalysis general force field generalized transition-state theory generally labelled tracer generation time in biotechnology genetic algorithm genetic code genome genomics genotype geometric (logarithmic) mean geometric attenuation geometric isomerism geometric surface (interface) area geometrical equivalence in polymers geometry (counting) in radioanalytical chemistry geometry factor in radioanalytical chemistry germylenes germylidenes gff giga glass electrode error glass laser glass transition glass-like carbon glass-transition temperature global analysis globular-chain crystal in polymers glove box glycals glycans glycaric acids glycerides glycerophospholipid glycitols glyco-amino-acid glycoconjugate glycoglycerolipid glycolipids glycols glyconic acids glycopeptides (glycoproteins) glycoproteins glycosamines glycosaminoglycan glycoses glycosides glycosphingolipid glycosyl group glycosyl-amino-acid glycosylamines glycuronic acids grab sampling gradient gradient elution in chromatography gradient layer in chromatography gradient packing gradientless reactor in catalysis gradual (sudden) potential-energy surface graft copolymer graft copolymerization graft macromolecule graft polymer grafting in catalysis grafting in polymer chemistry gram granular carbon graphene layer graphite graphite electrode graphite fibres graphite material graphite whiskers graphitic carbon graphitizable carbon graphitization graphitization heat treatment graphitized carbon gravimetric method gravitational constant gray green body green coke greenhouse effect in atmospheric chemistry grist grit in atmospheric chemistry ground level concentration in atmospheric chemistry ground level inversion in atmospheric chemistry ground state group group electronegativity group preconcentration in trace analysis growth curve activity growth rate in biotechnology guest gustiness in atmospheric chemistry h.e.e.t.p. h.e.t.p. haem halato-telechelic polymer halatopolymer half life half life a radionuclide half thickness in radiochemistry half-chair half-life, , a photochromic system half-life, ,a transient entity half-peak potential half-wave potential half-width a band halirenium ions halochromism haloforms halohydrins halonium ions halophiles hamiltonian operator handedness hapten hapto hard acid hard amorphous carbon films hard base hard-segment phase domain hard-sphere collision cross section harmonic approximation harmonic frequency generation harmonic mean harpoon mechanism hartree hazard haze horizon in atmospheric chemistry haze in atmospheric chemistry health surveillance heat capacity heat capacity of activation heat flux heat, heavy atom effect heavy atom isotope effect heavy water hecto height equivalent to a theoretical plate in chromatography height equivalent to an effective theoretical plate in chromatography helicenes helicity heliochromism helion helium dead-space in colloid and surface chemistry helium ionization detector in gas chromatography helium–cadmium laser helium–neon laser helix helix residue in a polymer helix sense hemes (heme derivatives) hemiacetals hemiaminals hemiketals hemileptic hemins hemochromes hemodialysis hemoglobins henry hertz hetarenes hetaryl groups hetarynes heteroalkenes heteroarenes heteroaryl groups heteroarynes heterobimetallic complex heterochain polymer heteroconjugation heterocumulenes heterocyclic compounds heterocyclyl groups heterodetic cyclic peptide heterodisperse heteroexcimer heterogeneity in analytical chemistry heterogeneous catalysis heterogeneous diffusion rate constant in electrochemistry heterogeneous membrane electrode heterogeneous nucleation heterogeneous polymer blend heteroleptic heterolysis (heterolytic) heterolytic bond-dissociation energy heterolytic dissociative adsorption heteropolysaccharide (heteroglycan) heterotactic polymer heterotactic triads in polymers heterotopic heterotrophic (organisms) heterovalent hyperconjugation hexagonal graphite hexahedro- in inorganic nomenclature hexaprismo- in inorganic nomenclature hidden return high resolution energy loss spectroscopy (HRELS) high-pressure graphitization high-pressure mercury lamp (arc) high-spin higher-order transition highly oriented pyrolytic graphite hindered rotation hipping histones hold-back carrier hold-up volume (time) in column chromatography, hold-up volume in chromatography hole burning hole transfer holoenzyme homo homoaromatic homochain polymer homochiral homoconjugation homocyclic compounds homodesmotic reaction homodetic cyclic peptide homogeneity in analytical chemistry homogeneous catalysis homogeneous membrane electrode homogeneous nucleation homogeneous nucleus homogeneous polymer blend homoleptic homologous polymer blend homolysis (homolytic) homolytic dissociative adsorption homomorphic homopolymer homopolymerization homopolysaccharide (homoglycan) homotopic horizontal elution (horizontal development) in planar chromatography host host-vector system hot atom hot cell hot ground state reaction hot isostatic pressing hot quartz lamp hot state reaction hour hula-twist (HT) mechanism humidity in atmospheric chemistry humming gel hybrid material hybrid orbital hybrid polymer hybridization hybridoma hydration hydrazide hydrazones hydrazide imides hydrazides hydrazidines hydrazines hydrazinylidenes hydrazo compounds hydrazones hydrazonic acids hydride hydro hydrocarbon cracking hydrocarbons hydrocarbyl groups hydrocarbylene groups hydrocarbylidene groups hydrocarbylidyne groups hydrocarbylsulfanyl nitrenes hydrocracking unit hydrodynamic volume in polymers hydrodynamically equivalent sphere in polymers hydrogel hydrogen hydrogen bond hydrogen bond in theoretical organic chemistry hydrogen gas electrode hydrolases hydrolysis hydrolysis ratio hydrometeor in atmospheric chemistry hydron hydroperoxides hydrophilic hydrophilicity hydrophobic interaction hydrophobicity hydropolysulfides hydrosphere in atmospheric chemistry hydrosulfides hydroxamic acids hydroximic acids hydroxylamines hygrometer hygrometry (moisture analysis) hyperchromic effect hyperconjugation hypercoordination hyperfine (interaction) hyperfine coupling hyperpolarizability (of nth order) hypersatellite in X-ray spectroscopy hypervalency hypho- hypo-phase hypochromic effect hypsochromic shift hysteresis icosahedro- icosanoids ideal adsorbed state ideal chromatography ideal dilute solution ideal gas ideal mixture ideal, non-linear chromatography ideally polarized (electrified) interphase ideally unpolarized (electrified) interphase identity reaction illuminance, image converter tube image dissection tube imaging (photoimaging) imbalance imbibition in colloid chemistry imenes imides imidic acids imidines imidogens imidonium ions imidoyl carbenes imidoyl nitrenes imin imine radical imines iminium compounds imino acids imino carbenes iminooxy (iminoxy) radicals iminoxyl radicals iminyl carbenes iminyl radicals iminylium ions immersional wetting immiscibility immiscible polymer blend immission dose in atmospheric chemistry immission flux in atmospheric chemistry immission in atmospheric chemistry immission rate in atmospheric chemistry immobile adsorption immobilization by adsorption in catalysis immobilization by inclusion in catalysis immobilization in biotechnology immobilized enzyme immobilized phase in chromatography immune response immunization immunoassay immunochemistry immunogen immunoglobulin (Ig) immunoradiometric assay immunosuppression impact parameter impact-modified polymer impaction impedance impingement impinger imprecision in analysis impregnation in chromatography impregnation in polymer chemistry improved canonical variational transition-state theory (ICVTST) impulsive reaction in situ micro-X-ray diffraction (Kossel-technique) in situ microanalysis in vitro in vivo in-laboratory processing in analytical chemistry in-out isomerism in-situ composite formation inaccuracy in analysis inch incidence in medicinal chemistry incinerator inclusion compound (inclusion complex) incoherent radiation incoherent scattering incoherent structure incongruent reaction increment (for bulk materials and large units) indicated hydrogen indicator (visual) indicator electrode indicator reaction indifferent absorbing ion indifferent electrolyte indirect amplification indirect reaction individual gauge for localized orbitals (IGLO) individual isotherm in surface chemistry individual particle analysis individual perception threshold in atmospheric chemistry induced radioactivity induced reaction inducer in enzyme catalysis induction in enzyme catalysis induction period inductive effect inductomeric effect inductor inelastic collision inelastic scattering inert inert gas inertial defect inertial separator infinite source thickness information theory infrared inherent viscosity a polymer inhibition inhibitor inhibitory concentration inhibitory dose inhomogeneity error in spectrochemical analysis initial (final) state correlations initial energy in in situ microanalysis initial rate method initiation initiator injection temperature in chromatography inner Helmholtz plane (IHP) inner electric potential inner filter effect inner layer (compact layer) in electrochemistry inner orbital X-ray emission spectra inner salts inner-sphere electron transfer inoculation inorganic polymer inorganic–organic polymer inositols input rate in analysis insert in biotechnology insertion insertion reaction instability (with reference to instrumentation) instability of Hartree–Fock solution instantaneous (spot) sampling in atmospheric chemistry instantaneous current instantaneous rate of flow in polarography instrumental activation analysis instrumental dependability instrumental indication (for a precision balance) integral capacitance an electrode integral detector in chromatography integrating sphere intended crossing potential-energy surfaces intensity intensity (relative to base peak) in mass spectrometry intensive quantity inter-junction molar mass interaction distance intercalation compounds intercalation in polymer chemistry intercalation reaction interchange reaction interchromophoric radiationless transition interconal region interconvertible enzyme interface interfacial adhesion interfacial concentration in electrochemistry interfacial double-layer interfacial layer interfacial layer width in thin films interfacial region interfacial tension interference filter interference in analysis interfering lines interfering substance in electroanalytical chemistry interferometer interferons intermediate intermediate neutrons intermolecular intermolecular radiationless transition internal absorptance internal compensation internal conversion internal energy internal filling solution a glass electrode internal reference electrode internal return internal standard in chromatography internal surface internal transmittance internal valence force field international calorie international unit interparticle porosity in chromatography interparticle volume of the column in chromatography interpenetrating polymer network interphase interphase transition intersection space interstitial fraction in chromatography interstitial velocity in chromatography interstitial volume in gas chromatography intersystem crossing interval analysis intervalence charge transfer interzonal region intimate ion pair intra- in organic reaction mechanisms intrachromophoric radiationless transition intramolecular intramolecular catalysis intramolecular charge transfer, (ICT) intramolecular isotope effect intraphase transition intrinsic activation energy intrinsic barrier intrinsic detector efficiency intrinsic full energy peak efficiency intrinsic photopeak efficiency intrinsic reaction coordinate intrinsic viscosity a polymer intrinsically conducting polymer intron inverse isotope effect inverse kinetic isotope effect inverse micelle inverse square law in radiation chemistry inversion inversion height in atmospheric chemistry inversion point in phase transitions inverted micelle inverted region (for electron transfer) iodohydrins iodometric titration iodonium ions ion ion collector in mass spectrometry ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) mass spectrometer ion energy loss spectra in mass spectrometry ion exchange ion exchanger ion kinetic energy spectrum in mass spectrometry ion laser ion microscopy ion pair ion pair return ion probe microanalysis (IPMA) ion pumps ion radical ion scattering spectrometry (ISS) ion source in mass spectrometry ion trap mass spectrometer ion-containing polymer ion-exchange chromatography ion-exchange isotherm ion-exchange membrane ion-exchange polymer ion-free layer ion-pair formation in mass spectrometry ion-selective electrode (ISE) ion-selective electrode cell ion/molecule reaction in mass spectrometry ion/neutral species exchange reaction in mass spectrometry ion/neutral species reaction in mass spectrometry ionene ionic aggregates in an ionomer ionic bond ionic concentration ionic conductivity ionic copolymerization ionic dissociation in mass spectrometry ionic polymer ionic polymerization ionic spectral lines ionic strength ionic transport number ionization ionization buffer in flame spectroscopy ionization by sputtering ionization chamber ionization cross-section ionization efficiency ionization efficiency curve in mass spectrometry ionization energy ionization potential ionizing collision in mass spectrometry ionizing power ionizing radiation ionizing voltage ionogenic groups ionomer ionomer cluster ionomer molecule ionomer multiplet ionophore ipso-attack iridescent layers iridoids iron-sulfur cluster iron-sulfur proteins irradiance (at a point of a surface) irradiation irregular macromolecule irregular polymer irreversible transition isoabsorption point isobar in atmospheric chemistry isobaric mass-change determination isobaric separation isobars isoclined structures in polymers isoclinic point isoconfertic separation isoconjugate systems isocoumarins isocratic analysis in chromatography isocyanates isocyanides isocyclic compounds isodesmic reaction isodiazenes isoelectric isoelectric point in electrophoresis isoelectronic isoemissive point isoentropic isoenzyme isoequilibrium relationship isoflavonoids isogyric reaction isoionic isoionic point in electrophoresis isokinetic line in atmospheric chemistry isokinetic relationship isokinetic sampling in atmospheric chemistry isolampsic point isolated double bonds isolobal isomer isomer shift in Mössbauer spectroscopy isomerases isomeric isomeric state in nuclear chemistry isomeric transition in nuclear chemistry isomerism isomerization isometric isomorphic polymer blend isomorphous structures in polymers isonitriles isonitroso compounds isooptoacoustic point isopeptide bond isopotential point isoprenes isoprenoids isopycnic isopycnic separation isorefractive isosbestic point isoselective relationship isoselenocyanates isostatic pressing isosteric enthalpy of adsorption isostilbic point isostructural reaction isotactic macromolecule isotactic polymer isotactic triads in polymers isotherm in atmospheric chemistry isothermal chromatography isothiocyanates isotones isotope dilution isotope dilution analysis isotope effect isotope exchange isotope exchange analysis isotope pattern in mass spectrometry isotopes isotopic abundance isotopic carrier isotopic enrichment isotopic enrichment factor isotopic fractionation factor isotopic ion isotopic labelling isotopic molecular ion isotopic scrambling isotopic separation isotopic tracer isotopically deficient isotopically enriched ions isotopically labelled isotopically modified isotopically substituted isotopically unmodified isotopologue isotopomer isotropic isotropic carbon isotropic pitch-based carbon fibres isoureas isovalent hyperconjugation isozyme j-value in atmospheric chemistry joule junction point junction unit junction-point density katal kelvin ketals ketazines ketenes ketenimines ketides ketimines keto keto carbenes ketoaldonic acids ketoaldoses ketones ketoses ketoximes ketyls kilo kilogram kind-of-property kind-of-quantity kinematic viscosity kinematics kinetic activity factor kinetic ambiguity kinetic control product composition kinetic current kinetic electrolyte effect (kinetic ionic-strength effect) kinetic energy kinetic equivalence kinetic isotope effect kinetic method analysis kinetic resolution kinetic synergist kinetic theory of collisions klado- krypton ion laser l, u label labelling labile laboratory sample lachrymator lactams lactides lactims lactols lactones ladder chain ladder macromolecule ladder polymer lag phase in biotechnology lambda lamellar crystal lamp lamp black lapse rate in atmospheric chemistry large particle in radiation scattering lariat ethers laser laser Raman microanalysis (LRMA) laser beam ionization laser dye laser ionization in mass spectrometry laser micro emission spectroscopy (LAMES) laser micro mass spectrometry (LAMMS) laser-jet photochemical technique lasing late-downhill surface latent image latent period (latency) in medicinal chemistry lateral order in a polymer lateral resolution in in situ microanalysis latex lath crystal lattice distortion laws of distribution in precipitation layer layer equilibrium in chromatography leader sequence in biotechnology least motion, principle of least-squares technique leaving group lecithins lectins left-to-right convention length lethal concentration lethal dose lethal synthesis leuco bases leuco compounds leukotrienes level level width levelling effect lifetime lifetime luminescence ligand field ligand field splitting ligand to ligand charge transfer (LLCT) transition ligand to metal charge transfer (LMCT) transition ligands ligases (synthetases) ligate light polarization light scattering light source light-atom anomaly light-emitting diode (LED) lignans lignins limit of detection in analysis limit test in toxicology limiting adsorption current limiting catalytic current limiting condition of operation limiting current limiting differential diffusion coefficient limiting diffusion current limiting kinetic current limiting mean limiting migration current limiting sedimentation coefficient limiting viscosity number line formula line repetition groups line width line width in Mössbauer spectroscopy line-of-centres model line-shape analysis linear (decadic) absorption coefficient in optical spectroscopy linear (decadic) attenuation coefficient in optical spectroscopy linear Gibbs energy relation linear absorption coefficient linear attenuation coefficient linear chain linear chromatography linear copolymer linear dichroism (LD) linear dispersion linear distribution isotherm in chromatography linear electron accelerator linear energy transfer linear free-energy relation linear macromolecule linear polarizer linear polymer linear pulse amplifier linear range linear solvation energy relationships linear strain, linearity of responsivity (of a radiation detector) lineic linked scan in mass spectrometry lipid film lipids lipophilic lipophilicity lipophobic lipopolysaccharides lipoproteins liposome liquid chromatography (LC) liquid crystal liquid crystal polymer liquid excimer laser liquid ion exchange liquid ion laser liquid junction liquid laser liquid membrane liquid scintillation detector liquid volume in gas chromatography liquid-coated stationary phase (material) in liquid chromatography liquid-crystal dendrimer liquid-crystal polymer liquid-crystal state liquid-crystal transitions liquid-crystalline phase liquid-crystalline polymer liquid-gel chromatography liquid-liquid distribution (extraction) (partition) liquid-liquid extraction liquid-phase loading in chromatography liquidus lithometeor in atmospheric chemistry lithosphere in atmospheric chemistry litre live time living copolymerization living polymer living polymerization load (on a precision balance) loading capacity in solvent extraction local conformation a polymer local current density local efficiency of atomization in flame spectrometry local flame temperature in flame emission and absorption spectrometry local fraction atomized in flame emission and absorption spectrometry, local fraction desolvated in flame emission and absorption spectrometry, local fraction volatilized in flame emission and absorption spectrometry, localized adsorption localized molecular orbitals (LMO) localized-itinerant transition lock-in state log-normal distribution logarithmic distribution coefficient in precipitation logarithmic normal distribution a macromolecular assembly logarithmic viscosity number logit lone (electron) pair long chain long spacing in polymer crystals long-chain branch long-lived collision complex long-range intramolecular interaction in polymers longitudinal order in a polymer loose end loose ion pair lot in analytical chemistry low energy electron diffraction (LEED) low pressure electrical discharge low temperature UV–VIS absorption spectroscopy low-pressure diamond low-pressure mercury lamp (arc) low-spin low-spin state lowest lethal concentration found lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) lowest-observed-adverse-effect-level (LOAEL) lowest-observed-effect-level (LOEL) lumen luminance luminescence luminescence anisotropy luminescence quenching luminescence spectrometer luminous flux luminous intensity luminous quantities lumiphore (luminophore) lux lyases lyate ion lyonium ion lyophilic lyophilic sols lyophobic lyotropic mesophase lysimeter machine in analysis macrocycle macrolides macrometeorology in atmospheric chemistry macromolecular macromolecular isomorphism macromolecule (polymer molecule) macromonomer macromonomer molecule macromonomer unit macromonomeric unit (macromonomer unit) macropore in catalysis macroporous polymer macroradical macroscopic cross-section macroscopic diffusion control macroscopic film macroscopic kinetics magic acid magic angle magnetic circular dichroism magnetic coherence length in thin films magnetic deflection in mass spectrometry magnetic equivalence magnetic field (B) scan in mass spectrometry magnetic field strength magnetic flux magnetic flux density magnetic flux density in Mössbauer spectroscopy magnetic induction magnetic moment, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) magnetic susceptibility magnetic transition magnetizability magnetization transfer magnetogyric ratio main chain (backbone) a polymer main-chain polymer liquid crystal main-chain scission mancude-ring systems mancunide-ring systems manipulator manual in analysis mapping in biotechnology marker martensitic transition mass mass (weight) of the stationary phase in chromatography mass analysis in mass spectrometry mass balance in atmospheric chemistry mass concentration, mass density mass density gradient, mass distribution ratio mass distribution ratio in chromatography mass distribution ratio in micellar electrokinetic chromatography mass distribution ratio in micro-emulsion electrokinetic chromatography mass excess mass flow rate mass fractal dimension mass fraction mass number mass peak in mass spectrometry mass range in mass spectrometry mass resolving power in mass spectrometry mass spectrograph mass spectrometer mass spectrometer (operating on the linear accelerator principle) mass spectrometer focusing system (deflection system) mass spectrometric detector in gas chromatography mass spectrometry mass spectroscope mass spectroscopy mass spectrum mass transfer coefficient in electrochemistry mass transfer in biotechnology mass-average velocity in electrolytes mass-distribution function mass-flow sensitive detector in chromatography mass-law effect mass-to-charge ratio in mass spectrometry mass-transfer-controlled electrolyte rate constant massic massive transition matched cells in spectrochemical analysis material safety data sheet (MSDS) matrix effect matrix in analysis matrix isolation maximum allowable concentration in atmospheric chemistry maximum emission concentration in atmospheric chemistry maximum hardness, principle of maximum latent period maximum loading maximum permissible daily dose maximum permissible level (MPL) maximum storage life maximum tolerable concentration (MTC) maximum tolerable dose (MTD) maximum tolerable exposure level (MTEL) maximum tolerated dose (MTD) mean (average) mean activity of an electrolyte in solution mean catalytic activity rate mean current density mean exchange current density mean free path mean interstitial velocity of the carrier gas in chromatography mean life mean lifetime mean linear range in nuclear chemistry mean mass range in nuclear chemistry mean mass rate mean residence time adsorbed molecules mean substance rate mean volume rate measurable quantity measurand measured excitation spectrum measured spectrum measured value in analysis measurement measurement resolution in atmospheric trace component analysis measurement result measurement solution in analysis measurement threshold an analyser mechanical entrapment mechanical hygrometer mechanical inhibitor in catalysis mechanism a reaction mechanism-based inhibition mechanization in analysis median median effective concentration median effective dose median lethal concentration median lethal dose median lethal time median narcotic concentration median narcotic dose medium medium effect medium-pressure mercury arc medium-pressure mercury lamp mega meiosis melting melting point (corrected/uncorrected) membrane membrane emf membrane in an ion-selective electrode membrane potential membrane sites in an ion-selective electrode memory effect in atmospheric chemistry mer in polymer chemistry mer- in inorganic nomenclature mercaptals mercaptans mercaptides mercaptoles mercury flow system in spectrochemical analysis mercury–xenon arc mercury–xenon lamp mero merry-go-round reactor (turntable reactor) meso meso structures in polymers meso-compound mesogen mesogenic group mesogenic monomer mesogenic pitch mesoionic compounds mesolytic cleavage mesomeric effect mesomerism mesomorphic phase mesomorphic state mesomorphic transition mesopause in atmospheric chemistry mesophase mesophase pitch mesophase pitch-based carbon fibres mesophiles mesopore in catalysis mesoscale mesosphere messenger RNA (mRNA) metabolic half-life (metabolic half-time) metabolism metabolite metal distribution metal to ligand charge transfer (MLCT) transition metal to metal charge transfer (MMCT) transition metallacycloalkanes metallocenes metalloenzyme metallurgical coke metal–carbene complexes metal–carbyne complexes metal–insulator transition metal–nonmetal transition metamagnetic transition metastability a phase metastable metastable film metastable ion in mass spectrometry metastable state in nuclear chemistry metastable state in spectrochemistry metatectoid reaction metathesis methanogens method of isotopic perturbation methylene methylidyne methylotrophic microorganisms metre micellar catalysis micellar mass micellar solubilization micellar weight micelle micelle charge micro micro-network microbial leaching microcanonical rate constant microcanonical variational transition-state theory (µVTST) microcarrier in biotechnology microclimatology microdomain morphology microelectrophoresis microfiltration microgel microheterogeneity in biochemistry micrometeorology microphotometer micropore filling in catalysis micropore in catalysis micropore volume in catalysis microporous carbon microscopic chemical event microscopic cross-section microscopic diffusion control (encounter control) microscopic electrophoresis microscopic film microscopic kinetics microscopic reversibility at equilibrium microsome microsyneresis middle atmosphere migration migration current migration time in capillary electrophoresis migration time of micelles in micellar electrokinetic chromatography migratory aptitude migratory insertion milli milligram equivalent of readability a precision balance millimetre of mercury milling (grinding) minimum consumption time in flame emission and absorption spectrometry minimum density of states criterion minimum lethal concentration minimum lethal dose minimum-energy reaction path minus minute arc miscibility miscibility gap miscible polymer blend mist in atmospheric chemistry mitochondria mitosis mixed ceramic mixed control mixed crystal (solid solution) mixed energy release mixed indicator mixed labelled mixed potential mixing control mixing height in atmospheric chemistry mixing in analytical chemistry mixing ratio in atmospheric chemistry mixture mobile adsorption mobile phase in chromatography mobile-phase velocity in chromatography mobility mobility (general) mobility in aerosol physics mode mode-locked laser model network moderation in nuclear chemistry moderator modified Arrhenius equation modified active solid in chromatography modified sample modifier in solvent extraction modulus of elasticity moiety molal molality, molar molar absorption coefficient molar absorptivity molar activity in radiochemistry molar average velocity in electrolytes molar conductivity molar decadic absorption coefficient molar refraction molar-mass exclusion limit in polymers molarity mole mole fraction molecular Rydberg state molecular anion molecular beams molecular cation molecular conformation a polymer molecular connectivity index molecular design molecular dynamics molecular dynamics in drug design molecular entity molecular formula molecular graph molecular graph theory molecular graphics molecular ion in mass spectrometry molecular kinetics molecular laser molecular mechanics calculation molecular metal molecular modeling molecular nucleation in polymers molecular orbital molecular orientation molecular rearrangement molecular shape molecular sieve effect molecular spectra molecular weight molecular-weight exclusion limit in polymers molecularity molecule molfile molozonides moment of a force moment of inertia, momentum momentum spectrum monitoring mono-energetic radiation monochromator monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) monodisperse medium monodisperse polymer monoisotopic mass spectrum monolayer monolayer capacity monolith monomer monomer molecule monomer unit monomeric unit (monomer unit, mer) monosaccharides monotectic reaction monotectoid reaction monotectoid temperature monoterpenes monoterpenoids monothioacetals monotropic transition mordant morphology morphology coarsening morphotropic transition most probable distribution (in macromolecular assemblies) mucopolysaccharides multi-centre bond multi-centre reaction multi-channel pulse height analyser multi-strand chain in polymers multi-strand macromolecule multicoat morphology multiconfiguration SCF method multident multienzyme multienzyme complex multienzyme polypeptide multilayer multilayer adsorption multilayer aggregate in polymer crystals multiphase copolymer multiphoton absorption multiphoton ionization in mass spectrometry multiphoton process multiple inclusion morphology multiple ionization satellite in X-ray spectroscopy multiple peak scanning in mass spectrometry multiple scattering multiple-pass cell in spectrochemical analysis multiplex spectrometer multiplicative name multiplicity (spin multiplicity) multiply labelled multipole line in X-ray spectroscopy multireference configuration interaction multistage sampling multivariate statistics munchnones muonium mustard oils mustards mutagen mutagenesis mutarotation mutation mutation rate in biotechnology mutual inductance n → π* state n → π* transition n → σ* transition n-star macromolecule n-strand chain n-strand molecule n-σ* delocalization (or n-σ* no bond resonance) nano nanocomposite nanodomain morphology nanofiltration nanogel nanoscopic film naphthenes naphthenic acids narcissistic reaction natural atomic orbital (NAO) natural bond orbital (NBO) natural broadening a spectral line natural graphite natural hybrid orbital (NHO) natural isotopic abundance natural lifetime natural orbital natural population analysis (NPA) natural radiation natural radioactivity neat soap necrosis needle coke negative adsorption negative feedback negative hyper-conjugation negative ion in mass spectrometry negaton neighbouring group participation nematic phase nematic state neodymium laser neoflavonoids neolignans neper nephelometry net current net electric chargea particle in electrophoresis net in surface chemistry net shaping network network defect network in polymer chemistry network polymer network-chain molar mass neutral-density filter neutralized gel neutrino (electron neutrino) neutron neutron density neutron multiplication neutron number neutron rest mass neutron temperature neutrophilic organisms newton nido- nimbostratus cloud in atmospheric chemistry nitramines nitrenes nitrenium ions nitrification nitrile imides nitrile imines nitrile oxides nitrile sulfides nitrile ylides nitriles nitrilimines nitrilium betaines nitrilium ions nitrimines nitro compounds nitrogen fixation nitrogen laser nitrogen mustards nitrogen ylides nitrolic acids nitrones nitronic acids nitrosamides nitrosamines nitrosimines nitroso compounds nitrosolic acids nitroxides nitroxyl radicals no carrier added no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) no-bond resonance no-load indication (for a precision balance) no-observed-effect-level (NOEL) nodal plane noise nominal linear flow in chromatography nominally labelled tracer non-Kekulé molecules non-calorimetric thermophysical measurements non-coherent source in spectrochemistry non-crossing rule non-crystalline electrodes non-destructive activation analysis non-diagram line in X-ray spectroscopy non-dissociative chemisorption non-draining non-empirical quantum mechanical methods non-equilibrium reaction non-graphitic carbon non-graphitizable carbon non-ideal chromatography non-ideal, linear chromatography non-ideal, non-linear chromatography non-isotopic labelling non-linear chromatography non-linear distribution isotherm in chromatography non-linear optical effect non-linear optical polymer non-linear optical techniques non-linearity error in spectrochemical analysis non-localized adsorption non-polarized interphases non-radiative decay non-specific adsorption non-uniform corrosion non-uniform polymer non-vertical energy transfer nonadiabatic nonadiabatic coupling nonadiabatic electron transfer nonadiabatic photoreaction nonbonded interactions nonbonding molecular orbital nonclassical carbocation nonclassical structure nonselective detector nonselective quantum counter nonselectively labelled nor- normal normal X-ray level normal distribution normal kinetic isotope effect normal region (for electron transfer) normal stress normal-phase chromatography normalization nth order phase transition nuclear atom nuclear chemistry nuclear decay nuclear disintegration nuclear fission nuclear fuel nuclear fusion nuclear fusion reaction nuclear graphite nuclear isomers nuclear level nuclear magneton nuclear particle nuclear quadrupole moment (spectroscopic) nuclear reactor nuclear transformation nuclear transition nuclearity nucleating agent nucleation and growth nucleation in colloid chemistry nucleation of phase separation in polymer chemistry nucleic acids nucleofuge nucleon nucleon number nucleophile (nucleophilic) nucleophilic aromatic photosubstitution nucleophilic catalysis nucleophilicity nucleoproteins nucleosides nucleotide bases nucleotides nucleus nuclide nuclidic mass nuisance threshold in atmospheric chemistry number concentration, number content number density number flow rate number fraction number of entities number of moles number of theoretical plates number-distribution function numerical value a quantity observation height in flame emission and absorption spectrometry observation pathlength in flame emission and absorption spectrometry observation space in flame emission and absorption spectrometry observation volume in flame emission and absorption spectrometry observed rate coefficient occlusion (molecular) octahedro- in inorganic nomenclature odd-electron ion odour threshold in atmospheric chemistry ohm olefins oligo oligomer oligomer molecule oligomeric oligomerization oligonucleotides oligopeptides oligosaccharides one-bond-flip one-colour indicator one-photon photochromism onion morphology onium compounds open atomizer open dynamic system in spectrochemical analysis open film open hearth furnace in atmospheric chemistry open static system in spectrochemical analysis open-shell systems open-tubular column in chromatography operational pH cell operational pH standard operator gene operon opposing reactions optical activity optical antipodes optical density optical filter optical isomers optical multi-channel analyser optical parametric amplification optical parametric oscillator optical parametric processes optical purity optical resolution optical rotation optical rotatory power optical spectroscopy optical yield optical-beam error in spectrochemical analysis optically active polymer optically labile optoacoustic spectroscopy orbital (atomic or molecular) orbital energy orbital steering orbital symmetry order of reaction order parameter order-disorder transition ordered co-continuous double gyroid morphology organelles organic dye laser organically modified silica organically modified silicate organically-modified ceramic organic–inorganic polymer organo- organoheteryl groups organometallic compounds organomodified ceramic organyl groups origin of replication (ori) ortho acids ortho amides ortho esters ortho- and peri-fused (polycyclic compounds) ortho-fused (polycyclic compounds) orthokinetic aggregation in colloids osazones oscillating reaction oscillator strength osmolality osmolarity osmotic coefficient osmotic concentration osmotic pressure osones osotriazoles out-isomer out-of-plane bending coordinate in molecular geometry outer Helmholtz plane (OHP) outer electric potential outer-sphere electron transfer outgassing a catalyst output rate overall activation energy overlap integral overpotential oxa-di-π-methane rearrangement oxenium ions oxidant in atmospheric chemistry oxidation oxidation number oxidation state oxidation-reduction polymer oxidation–reduction (redox) titration oxidative addition oxidative coupling oxide network oxidized species oxidoreductases oxime O-ethers oximes oxo acids oxo carboxylic acids oxo compounds oxoacids oxocarbons oxonium ions oxonium ylides oxyacid (oxy-acid) oxygen-flask combustion in spectrochemical analysis oxylium ions ozone hole ozonides pH glass electrode pH gradient in electrophoresis pH standard pH-rate profile pH0.5 or pH1/2 in solvent extraction packed column in chromatography packing in column chromatography paddlanes pair attenuation coefficient in nuclear chemistry pair correlation length in thin films pair production in nuclear chemistry paraffin parallel reactions parallel-chain crystal in polymers paramagnetic parametric amplification parametric processes parent hydride parent ion in mass spectrometry partial anodic (cathodic) current partial charge exchange reaction partial charge transfer reaction partial decay constant in nuclear chemistry partial digestion in spectrochemical analysis partial isotherm (or individual isotherm) in surface chemistry partial kinetic current in electrochemistry partial least squares (PLS) partial mass density partial microscopic diffusion control (encounter control) partial molar Gibbs energy partial molar quantity partial order of reaction partial pressure partial rate factor partial specific volume partially draining particle concentration in atmospheric chemistry particle density in nuclear chemistry particle induced X-ray emission analysis particle scattering factor particle scattering function particle size distribution in atmospheric chemistry particle size in atmospheric chemistry particular property particulate carbon particulate gel particulate matter in atmospheric chemistry particulate sol partition partition chromatography partition coefficient partition constant partition function partition isotherm in chromatography partition ratio partly open film pascal passivation in electrochemical corrosion passivation potential in electrochemical corrosion passive metal passive sampler passive state in electrochemical corrosion pattern recognition paucidisperse system peak analysis peak area in chromatography peak area method peak base in chromatography peak concentration (trace atmospheric component) peak current peak elution volume (time) in column chromatography, peak enthalpimetry peak fitting peak height in chromatography peak in chromatography peak maximum in chromatography peak potential peak resolution in chromatography peak widths in chromatography pectins pellicular packing in chromatography penams pendant chain pendant group (side group) penems penetrant (permeant) penetration depth penicillins pentads in polymers pentaprismo- peptides peptidoglycan peptization peptization in colloid chemistry per acids percent percent diastereoisomer excess percent enantiomer excess percentage error percentage exposed in metallic catalysts percentage relative error, (%) percentage standard deviation, (%), (%) perfect network perfect polymer network perfectly polarized interphase perfusion stationary phase (material) in liquid chromatography pericyclic reaction perikinetic aggregation in colloids period periodic copolymer periodic copolymerization periodic voltage peripheral atom in organic reaction mechanisms periplanar periselectivity peritectic reaction peritectoid reaction peritectoid temperature permanent crosslink permeability permeability of vacuum permeate permeation chromatography permeation tube permittivity permittivity of vacuum permselectivity peroxides peroxisome peroxo compounds peroxy acids perpendicular effect persistence length in polymers persistent perspective formula perstraction perturbation theory perturbed dimensions in polymers pervaporation pesticide pesticide residue peta petroleum coke petroleum pitch phantom chain behaviour pharmacodynamics pharmacokinetics phase phase I reaction biotransformation phase II reaction biotransformation phase domain phase fluorimetry phase interaction phase inversion phase ratio in chromatography phase ratio in liquid-liquid distribution phase ripening phase rule phase separation phase transition phase-space theory phase-transfer catalysis phenolates phenols phenomenological equation phenonium ions phenotype phenoxides pheromone phonon phosphanes phosphanylidenes phosphatidic acids phosphazenes phosphine oxides phosphines phosphinic acids phosphinidenes phosphinous acids phospho phosphoglycerides phospholipids phosphonic acids phosphonitriles phosphonium compounds phosphonium ylides phosphono phosphonous acids phosphoramides phosphoranes phosphoranyl radicals phosphorescence phosphorescence lifetime phosphorimetry phosphoroscope phosphorus ylides phosphorylation phosphylenes photo-Bergman cyclization photo-Claisen rearrangement photo-Fries rearrangement photo-curing photo-elastic polymer photoacoustic detector photoacoustic effect photoacoustic spectroscopy photoadsorption photoaffinity labelling photoassisted catalysis photobiology photocatalysis photocatalyst photocatalytic cell photochemical curing photochemical detector photochemical equivalence photochemical funnel photochemical hole burning photochemical nitrogen extrusion photochemical reaction photochemical reaction path photochemical smog photochemical yield photochemistry photochromism photoconductive detector photoconductivity photocrosslinking photocurrent yield photocyclization photocycloaddition photodecarbonylation photodecarboxylation photodeconjugation photodegradation photodesorption photodetachment electrons photodiode photodiode array photodynamic effect photoelectric attenuation coefficient photoelectric detector photoelectric peak photoelectrical effect photoelectrochemical cell photoelectrochemical etching photoelectrochemistry photoelectrolytic cell photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) photoelectron yield photoemissive detector photoexcitation photogalvanic cell photohydration photoimaging photoinduced electron transfer photoinduced polymerization photoinitiation photoionization photoionization detector in gas chromatography photoisomerization photoluminescence photoluminescent polymer photolysis photometry photomultiplier tube photon photon activation photon counting photon echo photon emittance photon exitance photon exposure photon flow photon fluence rate photon fluence, photon flux, photon irradiance photon number photon quantities photon radiance photooxidation photooxygenation photopeak photophoresis photophosphorylation photophysical processes photopolymerization photoreaction photorearrangement photoreduction photoresist photoselection photosensitive polymer photosensitization photosensitizer photostationary state photosynthesis photosystem photothermal effect photothermography phototransistor photovoltaic cell phthaleins phthalides physical adsorption physical network physical quantity (measurable quantity) physisorption (physical adsorption) phytotoxicant pico picrates piezoelectric polymer piezoluminescence pile-up in radioanalytical chemistry pinacols pinocytosis pitch pitch-based carbon fibres pitting corrosion planar chirality planar chromatography planar film planar intramolecular charge transfer planar stereoisomerism plane angle plasma desorption ionization in mass spectrometry plasma in biology plasma in spectrochemistry plasmid plastic flow plastic transition plate height in chromatography plate number in chromatography plateau border in surface chemistry pleiotropic gene ploidy plug-flow in catalysis plumbylenes plumbylidenes plume in atmospheric chemistry plus, minus pneumatic detector point group point of zero charge (p.z.c.) poise poison in catalysis polar aprotic solvent polar effect polar solvent polarity polarizability polarization polarization error in spectrochemical analysis polarization in electrochemistry polarized interphases polarography polaron pollution (pollutant) pollution rose polyacid polyaddition polyampholyte polybase polybetaine polychromator polycondensation polycrystalline graphite polycyclic system polydent polydisperse medium polydisperse polymer polyelectrolyte polyelectrolyte complex polyelectrolyte gel polyelectrolyte network polyfunctional catalysis polygranular carbon polygranular graphite polyhedral symbol polyhedranes polyions polyketides polymer polymer alloy polymer blend polymer catalyst polymer compatibilizer polymer complex formation polymer complexation polymer composite polymer crystal polymer crystallite polymer cyclization polymer degradation polymer drug polymer electrolyte polymer functionalization polymer gel polymer membrane polymer molecule polymer network polymer phase-transfer catalyst polymer reactant polymer reaction polymer reagent polymer solvent polymer sorbent polymer support polymer surfactant polymer-clay composite polymer-clay hybrid polymer-derived ceramic polymer-metal complex polymer-poor phase polymer-rich phase polymer-supported catalyst polymer-supported reaction polymer-supported reagent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) polymeric polymeric electrolyte polymeric inner salt polymeric sol polymeric stationary phase (material) in liquid chromatography polymerization polymer–polymer complex polymer–solvent interaction polymolecularity correction polymorphic transition polypeptides polyprenols polyquinanes (polyquinenes) polysaccharides polysulfanes polysulfides polytopal rearrangement polytypic transition pooled relative standard deviation pooled standard deviation population inversion pore size distribution porosity porous-layer open-tabular (PLOT) column in chromatography porphyrinogens porphyrins position-sensitive photomultiplier tube positive feedback positive ion in mass spectrometry positron positronium post-column derivatization in chromatography post-filter effect in luminescence spectroscopy postprecipitation potential at the point of zero charge (p.z.c.) potential energy, potential of a cell reaction potential temperature potential-determining (p.d.) ions potential-energy (reaction) surface potential-energy profile potentiation potentiometer potentiometric detection method in electrochemical analysis potentiometric selectivity coefficient power power level pre-association pre-ceramic pre-ceramic material pre-equilibrium (prior equilibrium) pre-equilibrium in solvent extraction pre-exponential factor pre-filter effect in luminescence spectroscopy pre-gel regime pre-gel state pre-polymer pre-polymer molecule pre-reactive complexes precipitation precipitation fractionation polymers precipitation from homogeneous solution (pfhs) in analysis precipitation in sol-gel processing precipitation titration precision precision a balance precision a weighing precision of indication a balance preconcentration coefficient a desired microcomponent in trace analysis preconcentration in trace analysis precursor complex precursor in radioanalytical chemistry precursor ion in mass spectrometry predissociation preferential sorption in polymers premium coke premix burner in flame spectroscopy prenols prepolymer prepreg pressure pressure flow pressure gradient correction factor in gas chromatography pressure jump pressure-induced transition pressure-sensitive detector pretreatment a catalyst primary (photo)process primary (photo)product primary crystallization primary current distribution primary electrons (pe) in situ in microanalysis primary excitation X-rays primary isotope effect primary kinetic electrolyte effect primary kinetic isotope effect primary mixture primary pH standards primary particle in catalysis primary photochemical process (primary photoreaction) primary pollutant in atmospheric chemistry primary sample primary standard primary structure primary structure a segment of a polypeptide primitive change principal group principal ion in mass spectrometry principal moments of inertia principle of least nuclear motion principle of microscopic reversibility principle of minimum structural change prior distribution prior equilibrium priority pro-E, pro-Z pro-R, pro-S probability probability density probe in biotechnology process prochirality prochirality centre product product development control product ion product state distribution product-determining step productivity in biotechnology progenitor ion in mass spectrometry program programmed-flow chromatography (flow programming) programmed-pressure chromatography (pressure programming) programmed-temperature chromatography (temperature programming) projection formula prolate trochoidal mass spectrometer promoter (gene technology) promoter in catalysis promotion prompt coincidence prompt neutrons propagating reaction propagation propellanes property prophage proportional counter proportional counter tube proportional gas-scintillation counter proprochirality pros in histidine nomenclature prostaglandins prostanoids prosthetic group proteases protected lyophobic colloid protection of a reactive group protective action in colloid chemistry protein engineering proteins proteoglycan proteome protic protide protio protium protogenic (solvent) protolysis proton proton affinity proton charge proton magnetic moment proton magnetogyric ratio proton number proton rest mass proton transfer reaction protonated molecule in mass spectrometry protonation constant protophilic (solvent) protoplast prototrophs prototropic rearrangement (or prototropy) pseudo acids pseudo bases pseudo rate constant pseudo-asymmetric carbon atom pseudo-axial pseudo-catalysis pseudo-co-oligomer pseudo-copolymer pseudo-equatorial pseudo-first-order rate coefficient pseudo-first-order reaction pseudo-unimolecular pseudo-zero-order reaction pseudohalogens pseudomolecular rearrangement pseudopericyclic pseudorotation pseudoureas psychosine psychrometric hygrometer psychrometry puffing puffing inhibitor pulsatance pulse amplitude analyser pulse amplitude selector pulse duration in electroanalytical chemistry pulse height analyser pulse reactor in catalysis pump-dump-probe technique pump-probe technique purine bases pyramidal inversion pyranoses pyrimidine bases pyro pyroelectric detector pyrolysis pyrolysis-gas chromatography pyrolytic carbon pyrolytic graphite pyrromethenes quadratic mean quadro- quadrupole ion storage trap (Quistor) quadrupole mass analyser quadrupole splitting in Mössbauer spectroscopy qualitative analysis qualitative elemental specificity in analysis quality assurance quality control quality factor in nuclear analytical chemistry quality of solvent in polymer chemistry quantitative analysis quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) in drug design quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSAR) quantity quantity calculus quantity of dimension one (dimensionless quantity) quantized internal energy quantum counter quantum efficiency quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics quantum radiation quantum well multilayer quantum yield quantum-mechanical tunnelling quarter-transition-time potential quartet state quartz–iodine lamp quasi-axial quasi-classical trajectory (QCT) method quasi-enantiomers quasi-equatorial quasi-equilibrium quasi-molecular ion in mass spectrometry quasi-racemic compound quasi-single-strand polymer quaternary ammonium compounds quaternary structure quaterpolymer quencher quenching quenching constant in photochemistry quenching correction in photochemistry quinarenes quinhydrones quinomethanes quinomethides (quinone methides) quinone diazides quinones quinonimines (quinone imines) quinonoximes r, s rRNA rabbit rac racemate racemic racemic compound racemic conglomerate racemic mixture racemization racemo structures in polymers rad radial development radial electrostatic field analyser in mass spectrometry radial elution (radial development) or circular elution (circular development) in planar chromatography radian radiance radiant (energy) flux, radiant emittance radiant energy radiant energy density, radiant energy fluence rate radiant exitance radiant exposure radiant flux radiant intensity radiant power radiant quantities radiation radiation chemistry radiation constants radiation continuum in spectrochemistry radiation counter radiation detector radiation hazard radiation reaction radiation spectrum radiation trapping radiationless deactivation radiationless decay radiationless transition radiative absorption in spectrochemistry radiative capture radiative de-excitation in spectrochemistry radiative energy transfer radiative lifetime radiative transition radical (free radical) radical anion radical cation radical centre(s) radical combination radical copolymerization radical disproportionation radical ion radical pair (geminate pair) radical photosubstitution radical polymerization radicofunctional name radioactive radioactive age radioactive chain radioactive contamination radioactive cooling radioactive dating radioactive decay radioactive equilibrium radioactive fallout radioactive half life radioactive series radioactive source radioactive tracer radioactive tracer technique in analysis radioactive waste radioactivity radioanalytical chemistry radiochemical activation analysis radiochemical purification radiochemical purity radiochemical separation radiochemical yield radiochemistry radiochromatograph radiocolloid radioenzymatic assay radiograph radiogravimetric analysis radioimmunoassay radioiodination radioisotope radioisotope dilution analysis radioisotope induced X-ray emission analysis radioluminescence radiolysis radiometric analysis radiometric titration radiometry radionuclide radionuclidic purity radioreceptor assay radiorelease analysis radiosonde radius of gyration raffinate rain out in atmospheric chemistry random coil in polymers random coincidence in nuclear chemistry random copolymer random copolymerization random error random sample range in analysis range of measurement an analyser rate rate coefficient rate constant rate law (empirical differential rate equation) rate of appearance rate of change of a quantity rate of change ratio rate of consumption, or rate of conversion rate of disappearance rate of fluid consumption in flame emission and absorption spectrometry rate of formation, or rate of liquid consumption in flame spectroscopy rate of migration in electrophoresis rate of nucleation rate of reaction rate-controlling step rate-determining step (rate-limiting step) ratemeter in radiochemistry ratio raw coke rayon-based carbon fibres re-extraction reactance reactant reacting bond rules reaction reaction barrier reaction chromatography reaction coordinate reaction cross-section reaction dynamics reaction injection moulding reaction intermediate reaction mechanism reaction path reaction path degeneracy reaction probability reaction stage reaction step reaction time reactive (reactivity) reactive adsorption reactive blending reactive complex reactive desorption reactive polymer reactive polymer processing reactive scattering reactivity index reactivity–selectivity principle (RSP) readability a balance reading reagent real (electrified) interphase real potential of a species in a phase real surface (interface) area rearrangement rearrangement ion in mass spectrometry rearrangement stage rebound reaction receptor receptor in drug design recognition site recoil in radioanalytical chemistry recoil labelling recoil-free fraction in Mössbauer spectrometry recombinant DNA technology recombination fluorescence reconstructive transition recovery recovery factor in an extraction process recrystallization red shift redox ion exchangers redox polymer redox potential reduced adsorption reduced limiting sedimentation coefficient reduced mass reduced mobile phase velocity in chromatography reduced osmotic pressure reduced sample reduced sedimentation coefficient reduced species reduced viscosity a polymer reducing in analytical chemistry reduction reductive elimination reductones referee sample reference atom in organic reaction mechanisms reference cell (or blank cell) in spectrochemical analysis reference dose (RfD) reference electrode reference material reference method reference procedure in analysis of trace air constituents reference state an element reference value pH standard reflectance reflectance factor reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy (REELS) reflection factor reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) reflectivity refraction effects refractive index refractive index increment in polymer chemistry regeneration a catalyst regioselectivity (regioselective) regresssion analysis regular block in a polymer regular coke regular comb macromolecule regular macromolecule regular oligomer molecule regular polymer regular single-strand polymer regular star macromolecule regulator gene reinforced reaction injection moulding rel relative relative activity relative adsorption relative atomic mass (atomic weight) relative biological effectiveness radiation relative configuration relative counting in nuclear chemistry relative density relative detection limit relative electrode potential relative elongation relative error relative hardness relative humidity relative local current density relative micellar mass relative molar mass relative molecular mass relative permeability relative permittivity relative preconcentration in trace analysis relative responsivity relative retardation in planar chromatography relative retention in column chromatography relative selectivity in catalysis relative spectral responsivity relative standard deviation, relative uncertainty relative viscosity relative viscosity increment relative volumic mass relativistic effects relaxation relaxation kinetics relaxation time releaser in analytical flame spectroscopy rem reorganization energy in electron transfer reorganization in polymers repeatability repeating distance repetency replacement name replacement operation in organic nomenclature replicate (duplicate) sample replication report in analysis reprecipitation representative sample repression reproducibility repulsive potential-energy surface reserve sample residence time residence time (hydraulic retention time) in biotechnology residual current residual emission anisotropy residual fuel/oil residual liquid junction (potential) error in pH measurement residual spectrum/background spectrum in mass spectrometry resin resist polymer resistance resistivity resolution in gas chromatography resolution in mass spectroscopy resolution in optical spectroscopy resolution in stereochemistry resolving power in mass spectrometry resolving power in optical spectroscopy resolving time correction in nuclear analytical chemistry resolving time in nuclear analytical chemistry resonance resonance absorption technique resonance broadening a spectral line resonance cross-section in Mössbauer spectrometry resonance effect resonance effect magnitude in Mössbauer spectrometry resonance emission resonance energy resonance energy in radiochemistry resonance fluorescence resonance fluorescence technique resonance hybrid resonance integral resonance integral in radiochemistry resonance lamp resonance line in X-ray spectroscopy resonance line in photochemistry resonance neutrons resonance radiation response constant in electroanalytical chemistry response time an analyser response timea detector responsive gel responsivity in detection of radiation rest point a balance restricted rotation restriction enzymes result in analysis retardation factor in column chromatography retardation factor in planar chromatography retarder retentate retention efficiency in particle separation retention factor in column chromatography retention in nuclear chemistry retention index in column chromatography retention of configuration retention temperature in chromatography retention time in chromatography retention volumes in chromatography reticulation in catalysis retinoids retro retro-ene reaction retroaddition retrocycloaddition reverse micelle (or reversed micelle) reverse osmosis reverse transcriptases reversed (radiochemical) isotope dilution analysis reversed direct-injection burner in analytical flame spectroscopy reversed-phase chromatography reversible network reversible transition revolutions per minute (rpm) rheology rheopexic gel rheopexy rheotropic gel rhodamine dyes rhombohedral graphite ribbon delocalisation ribonucleic acids (RNA) ribonucleotides ribosomal RNA (rRNA) ribosomes riffling in analytical chemistry rigid chain ring assembly ring reversal (ring inversion) ring-opening copolymerization ring-opening polymerization ring-sector ringing gel rise time a radiation detector rise time an analyser risk risk assessment risk estimation rod-like morphology root-mean-square end-to-end distance in polymers rotamer rotational barrier rotational constants rotational correlation time, or rotational diffusion rotational diffusion coefficient rotational frequency, in centrifugation rotational relaxation time rotational term rotator phase transition rotatory power rotaxanes rotenoids rotometer in atmospheric chemistry roughness factor (rugosity) a surface rovibronic state rubredoxin ruby laser rupture a thin film röntgen s-cis, s-trans saccharides sacrificial acceptor sacrificial donor sacrificial hyperconjugation saddle point salami-like morphology salt salt effect salt form of an ion exchanger salting out sample error in spectrochemical analysis sample handling in analysis sample in analytical chemistry sample injector in chromatography sample unit sampler sampling error sampling interval in electroanalysis sampling plan in analytical chemistry sampling time in electroanalysis sandwich compounds sanitary land fill saprophyte saturated solution saturation saturation activity saturation capacity saturation fraction saturation in radioanalytical chemistry saturation loading saturation transfer saturation vapour pressure sawhorse projection scaler scaling circuit scaling factor scanning electron microscopy (SEM) scanning method in mass spectrometry scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) scattering scattering angle scattering cross-section scattering error in spectrochemical analysis scattering matrix scattering plane scattering vector scavenger scavenging scintillation scintillation counter scintillation detector scintillation spectrometer scintillators scrambling scrubber in atmospheric chemistry scrubbing seco- second second arc second messenger second-order transition secondary crystallization secondary current distribution secondary electron multiplier in mass spectrometry secondary electron yield in situ in microanalysis secondary electrons (se) in situ in microanalysis secondary excitation X-rays secondary fluorescence in X-ray emission spectroscopy secondary ionization in mass spectrometry secondary isotope effect secondary kinetic electrolyte effect secondary kinetic isotope effect secondary metabolites secondary pollution (emissions) secondary radiation secondary standard secondary structure secular equation secular equilibrium sediment sedimentation sedimentation coefficient sedimentation equilibrium sedimentation field strength sedimentation in chemistry sedimentation potential difference (sedimentation potential) sedimentation velocity sedimentation velocity method sedimentation volume segment in analytical chemistry segmented copolymer segregated star macromolecule segregation segregation in polymers selected area electron diffraction (SAED) selected ion monitoring in mass spectrometry selection in biotechnology selection rule selective corrosion selective detector selective digestion in spectrochemical analysis selective elution in chromatography selective in analysis selective inhibition in catalysis selective micro-sample in spectrochemical analysis selective poisoning in catalysis selective preconcentration in trace analysis selective sample selective solvent in polymer chemistry selective sorption in polymer chemistry selectively labelled selectivity selectivity a reagent selectivity coefficient in ion exchange chromatography selectivity factor selectivity factor in ion exchange chromatography selectivity in analysis selectivity ratio selenenic acids selenides seleninic acids selenocyanates selenols selenones selenonic acids selenoxides self inductance self-absorption self-absorption broadening a spectral line self-absorption effect in luminescence spectroscopy self-absorption factor a radiation source self-diffusion coefficient self-localized excitations in conjugated organic polymers self-poisoning in catalysis self-quenching self-reversal self-shielding selones semi-empirical quantum mechanical methods semi-interpenetrating polymer network semi-rigid chain semicarbazones semicoke semiconductor semiconductor detector semiconductor laser semiconductor-metal transition semioxamazones semiquinones semisystematic name (semitrivial name) seniority (senior) in organic nomenclature sensitive area a radiation detector sensitive volume a radiation detector sensitivity in mass spectrometry sensitivity in metrology and analytical chemistry sensitization sensitization in colloid chemistry sensitized luminescence sensitizer separability assumption separated flame in flame spectroscopy separation coefficient separation factor in column chromatography separation factor in liquid-liquid distribution separation number in chromatography separation temperature in chromatography sequence sequence rules sequencing (proteins, nucleic acids) sequential analyser sequential indication an analyser sequential interpenetrating polymer network sequential measuring cell sequential sample sequential semi-interpenetrating polymer network sequential spectrometer series analytical results serum sesquiterpenoids sesterterpenoids settling chamber in atmospheric chemistry settling error in spectrochemical analysis settling velocity shape selectivity in catalysis shape-memory polymer shear breakdown shear dependent viscosity shear modulus shear rate shear strain shear stress shear thickening shear thinning shear transition shear viscosity shielded flame in flame spectroscopy shielding shielding constant shish-kebab structure short chain short-chain branch short-range intramolecular interactions in polymers shrinkage shut-down state in analysis shut-down time in analysis shuttle vector sialon side chain side group side group or side-chain polymer liquid crystal siemens sievert sigmatropic rearrangement signal in analysis signal sequence silanes silanols silasesquiazanes silasesquioxanes silasesquithianes silathianes silazanes silicones siloxanes silver film silyl groups silyl radicals silylene simple shear simulation technique in analysis simultaneous interpenetrating polymer network simultaneous nucleation simultaneous pair transitions simultaneous reactions simultaneous semi-interpenetrating polymer network simultaneous spectrometer single cell protein (SCP) single channel pulse height analyser single escape peak single scattering single-beam (luminescence) spectrometer single-electron transfer mechanism (SET) single-focusing mass spectrometer single-photon counting single-photon timing single-step reaction single-strand chain in a polymer single-strand macromolecule single-strand polymer singlet molecular oxygen (singlet molecular dioxygen) singlet state singlet-singlet absorption singlet-singlet annihilation singlet-singlet energy transfer singlet-triplet absorption singlet-triplet energy transfer singlet–triplet crossing singly labelled sink in atmospheric chemistry sintering size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) skeletal atom skeletal bond skeletal structure skew slip slip casting slot burner slow neutrons small particle in radiation scattering smectic state smog chamber in atmospheric chemistry smog in atmospheric chemistry smog index in atmospheric chemistry smoke smooth transition soap soap curd soap film soft acid soft base soft-segment phase domain soiling in atmospheric chemistry sol sol fraction sol-gel coating sol-gel critical concentration sol-gel material sol-gel metal oxide sol-gel process sol-gel silica sol-gel transition solar conversion efficiency solar flare solar radiation in atmospheric chemistry solid angle, solid phase antibody radioimmunoassay solid polymer electrolyte solid solution solid state lasers solid support in column chromatography solid volume in column chromatography solidification solidus soliton solubility solubility parameter solubility product solubilization solute solute-volatilization interference in flame spectroscopy solution solvation solvation energy solvatochromic relationship solvatochromism solvent solvent extraction solvent front in chromatography solvent in liquid-liquid distribution solvent ion exchange (SIX) solvent isotope effect solvent migration-distance in chromatography solvent parameter solvent regeneration in extraction processes solvent shift solvent-induced symmetry breaking solvent-separated ion pair solvent-shared ion pair solvolysis solvophobicity parameter solvus sonication sonogel sonoluminescence sonosol soot sorption in colloid chemistry sorption isotherm in ion exchange sorption techniques in trace analysis sorptive insertion in surface catalysis source efficiency a radiation source space charge in a semiconductor space formula space time in catalysis space velocity in catalysis spacer spark (source) ionization in mass spectrometry spatial-distribution interference in flame spectroscopy spatially resolving detector radiation special salt effect speciation analysis in chemistry speciation in chemistry species (taxonomic) specific specific acid–base catalysis specific activity in radiochemistry specific adsorption specific burn-up specific catalysis specific conductance specific detector in chromatography specific gravity specific heat capacity specific in analysis specific ionization in nuclear chemistry specific permeability in chromatography specific photon emission specific pore volume a catalyst specific retention volume in chromatography specific surface area in surface chemistry specific volume specific weight specifically absorbing ion specifically labelled specifically labelled tracer specimen in analytical chemistry spectator mechanism spectator-stripping reaction spectral (photon) effectiveness spectral bandwidth error in spectrochemical analysis spectral distribution spectral fluence rate spectral intensity spectral interference in flame spectroscopy spectral irradiance spectral overlap spectral photon exitance spectral photon flow spectral photon flux (photon irradiance) spectral photon radiance spectral quantities spectral radiance spectral radiant energy spectral radiant exitance spectral radiant flux spectral radiant intensity spectral radiant power spectral responsivity spectral responsivity function spectral sensitivity spectral sensitization spectral spheradiance spectrochemical buffer in atomic spectroscopy spectrochemical carrier in atomic spectroscopy spectrogram spectrograph spectrometer spectrometry spectroscope spectroscopy spectrum analysis specular reflectance (reflection factor) in optical spectroscopy speed distribution function speed of light in a vacuum speed, spherical carbonaceous mesophase spherical irradiance spherical radiance spherical radiant exposure spherulite spin adduct spin conservation rule (Wigner rule) spin contamination spin counting spin crossover spin density spin label spin polarization spin probe spin projection spin trapping spin-Peierls transition spin-allowed electronic transition spin-flip method spin-flip transition spin-flop transition spin-glass transition spin-orbit coupling spin-orbit coupling constant spin-orbit splitting spin-state transition spin-statistical factor (in diffusion-controlled reactions) spinodal spinodal curve spinodal decomposition spin–spin coupling spin–spin coupling constant spiro atom spiro chain in a polymer spiro compounds spiro macromolecule spiro polymer spiro union splicing spontaneous emission spontaneous fission spontaneous resolution spot in chromatography spot sampling sprayer in flame spectroscopy spread monolayer spreading function in chromatography spreading wetting sputter yield sputtering square-wave current stability constant stable stable film, metastable film stable ion in mass spectrometry staggered conformation stagnant inversion in atmospheric chemistry stand-by state in analysis standard Gibbs energy of activation standard acceleration of free fall standard atmosphere standard atomic weights standard chemical potential standard concentration standard conditions for gases standard deviation standard electrode potential standard electromotive force standard entropy of activation, standard equilibrium constant, standard hydrogen electrode standard molality standard potential of an electrode reaction standard potential of the reaction in a chemical cell standard pressure standard rate constant of an electrode reaction standard reaction quantities standard solution standard state standard subtraction method in electroanalytical chemistry standard thermodynamic quantities standard uncertainty stannoxanes stannylenes stannylidenes star copolymer star macromolecule star polymer start-up time in analysis starting line in chromatography starting point in chromatography state crossing state diagram state function state-to-state kinetics static fields mass spectrometer static pressure static quenching static stability stationary phase (fermentation) stationary phase in chromatography stationary phase volume in chromatography stationary state stationary-phase fraction statistical coil in polymers statistical copolymer statistical copolymerization statistical factor statistical pseudo-copolymer statistical segment in polymers statistical weight steady state (stationary state) steady state approximation (treatment) steady state in liquid-liquid distribution stem cell stem in polymer crystals step height in chromatography step in chromatography stepped surface stepwise elution in chromatography stepwise reaction steradian stereoblock macromolecule stereoblock polymer stereochemical formula (stereoformula) stereochemical non-rigidity stereoconvergence stereodescriptor stereoelectronic stereoelectronic control stereoformula stereogenic unit (stereogen/stereoelement) stereoheterotopic stereohomosequence in a polymer stereoisomerism stereoisomers stereomutation stereoregular macromolecule stereoregular polymer stereorepeating unit in a polymer stereoselective polymerization stereoselective synthesis stereoselectivity stereosequence in a polymer stereospecific polymerization stereospecifically labelled tracer stereospecificity (stereospecific) steric effect steric factor steric factor in polymers steric hindrance steric isotope effect steric strain steric-approach control steroids sterols stibanes stibanylidenes stibines stibinidenes stibonium compounds sticking coefficient in surface chemistry sticking probability in surface chemistry sticky ends in biotechnology stimulated emission stirred flow reactor in catalysis stochastic effect stochastic sampling stochastic theories stoichiometric stoichiometric capacity stoichiometric concentration stoichiometric mean molal (practical activity coefficient) in electrochemistry stoichiometric number stoichiometry stokes stopped flow stopped-flow cell in spectrochemical analysis stopping power strain strain energy strain-induced transition stratified film stratified sample stratocumulus cloud stratopause stratosphere stratus cloud stray radiation error in spectrochemical analysis streak camera streak tube streaming birefringence streaming current streaming potential difference (streaming potential) stress graphitization stress-assisted transition strip dynode photomultiplier tube stripping stripping isotherm stripping ratio in solvent extraction stripping reaction stripping solution in liquid-liquid distribution strong collision structural disorder structural formula structural stability structural transition structure a catalyst structure-based design in drug design structure-property correlations (SPC) structure–activity relationship (SAR) styphnates subchain a polymer subgroup-supergroup transition subjacent orbital sublation in solvent extraction sublimation subphase in thin films subsample substance concentration substance content substance flow rate substance fraction substituent atom (group) substituent electronegativity substitution reaction substitutive name substoichiometric extraction substoichiometric isotope dilution analysis substrate substrate in biocatalysis substrate in thin films subtractive name successor complex sudden polarization sudden potential-energy surface sugars suicide inhibition suicide metabolism sulfamic acids sulfanes sulfatides sulfenamides sulfenes sulfenic acids sulfenium ions sulfenyl groups sulfenyl nitrenes sulfenyl radicals sulfenylium ions sulfides sulfilimines sulfimides sulfimines sulfinamides sulfinamidines sulfines sulfinic acids sulfinic anhydrides sulfinimines sulfinylamines sulfolipids sulfonamides sulfonamidines sulfonediimines sulfones sulfonic acids sulfonic anhydrides sulfonimides sulfonium compounds sulfonphthaleins sulfonylamines sulfoxides sulfoximides sulfoximines sulfur diimides sultams sultims sultines sultones sum of states summit current in polarography summit potential superabsorbent polymer superacid superbase superconducting transition supercritical drying of a gel supercritical fluid supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) superequivalent adsorption superexchange interaction superficial work in surface chemistry superlattice superposability superradiance supersaturation support a catalyst support plate in chromatography support-coated open-tubular (SCOT) column in chromatography supporting electrolyte suppressor suprafacial supramolecular chemistry supramolecule surface surface (excess) conductivity surface active agent surface amount, surface barrier semiconductor detector surface catalysis surface charge density surface charge layer surface chemical potential surface concentration surface contamination in surface analysis surface coverage surface crossing surface density, surface dilatational viscosity surface dipole layer surface electric potential surface excess surface excess Gibbs energy surface excess Helmholtz energy surface excess concentration (at an interface) surface excess energy surface excess enthalpy surface excess entropy surface excess isotherm surface fractal dimension surface grafting surface ionization in mass spectrometry surface ions surface layer (or interfacial layer) surface of a phase (free surface) surface of tension surface potential surface pressure surface reaction in electrochemistry surface region surface rheology surface shear viscosity surface states surface stress surface tension, surface work surfactant (surface active agent) surprisal surprisal analysis suspended matter in atmospheric chemistry suspension suspension effect in an ion-selective electrode swelling agent swelling in colloid and surface chemistry swelling pressure in colloid and surface chemistry switchboard model in polymer crystals switching transition sydnone imines sydnones sym- symbiosis symbol in quantities and units symmetrical films symmetry number symmetry-breaking transition symmetry-conserving transition symproportionation syn synartetic acceleration synchronization (principle of nonperfect synchronization) synchronous synchronously excited (fluorescence, phosphorescence) spectrum synchrotron radiation synclinal syndet syndiotactic macromolecule syndiotactic polymer syndiotactic triads in polymers syneresis synergism in solvent extraction synergism in toxicology synoptic scale synperiplanar syntectic reaction synthetic graphite system system of units measurement systematic error systematic name systemic effect tRNA tactic block in a polymer tactic block polymer tactic macromolecule tactic polymer tacticity tagged tailing in chromatography tandem mass spectrometer target in biology tautomeric effect tautomerism tautomerization tele in histidine nomenclature tele-substitution telechelic molecule telechelic oligomer telechelic polymer tellurides tellurones telomer telomerization temperature temperature coefficient responsivity temperature effect in luminescence spectroscopy temperature inversion in atmospheric chemistry temperature jump temperature lapse rate in atmospheric chemistry temperature-programmed chromatography template in biotechnology temporary poisoning in catalysis tera term term in X-ray spectroscopy term symbols termination terminator in biotechnology termolecular terpenes terpenoids terpolymer tertiary current distribution tertiary structure tesla test portion test sample test solution in analysis tetracyclines tetrads in polymers tetrahedral intermediate tetrahedro- tetrapyrroles tetraterpenoids texture a catalyst theoretical ceramic yield theoretical plate number thermal analysis thermal black thermal column in nuclear chemistry thermal conductance thermal conductivity thermal conductivity detector in gas chromatography thermal curing thermal detector thermal fission thermal ionization in mass spectrometry thermal lensing thermal neutrons thermal resistance thermally activated delayed fluorescence thermally-induced transition thermoacoustimetry thermochemical analysis thermochemical calorie thermochromism thermocouple thermodilatometry thermodynamic control product composition thermodynamic energy thermodynamic equilibrium constant thermodynamic isotope effect thermodynamic quality of solvent in polymer chemistry thermodynamic temperature thermodynamically equivalent sphere in polymer chemistry thermoelectrometry thermogram thermogravimetry (TG) thermoluminescence thermolysis thermomagnetometry thermomechanical measurement thermometric thermometric enthalpy titration thermometric titration thermoparticulate analysis thermophile thermophotometry thermopile thermoplastic elastomer thermoptometry thermoreversible gel thermoreversible junction point thermoreversible network thermosetting polymer thermosonimetry thermosphere thermotropic mesophase thiazynes thick film thickness of diffusion layer in electrochemistry thickness of electrical double layer thickness of reaction layer in electrochemistry thin film thin-layer chromatography thio thioacetals thioaldehyde S-oxides thioaldehydes thioanhydrides thiocarboxylic acids thiocyanates thioethers thiohemiacetals thioketone S-oxides thioketones thiolates thiols thionylamines third body thixotropic gel thixotropy thiyl radicals threo threo structures in a polymer threshold energy threshold limit value (TLV) through-bond electron transfer through-space electron transfer throughput rate throwing power tie molecule in polymers tight ion pair time time constanta detector time of deactivation in heterogeneous catalysis time solidification thixotropic recovery time-correlated single photon counting time-dependent density functional theory time-dependent stoichiometry time-independent stoichiometry time-of-flight mass spectrometer time-resolved anisotropy time-resolved fluorometry time-resolved microwave conductivity time-resolved spectroscopy timecentrifugation titrant titration titration curve titration error titre (titer) tonne topical effect topochemical reaction topomerization topomers topotactic reaction topotactic transition torque torquoselectivity torr torsion angle torsional braid analysis torsional stereoisomers torsional strain total absorption peak total chemiflux total consumption time in flame emission and absorption spectrometry total ion current in mass spectrometry total radiant power total retention volume (time) in column chromatography, total velocity of the analyte in capillary electrophoresis totally porous packing in chromatography toxicity toxicodynamics toxicokinetics toxicology toxin toxinology trace element traceability tracer track (nuclear) track detector (nuclear) trajectory in reaction dynamics trans trans conformation in polymers trans- in inorganic nomenclature trans-fused transannular strain transcription in biotechnology transducer transduction in biotechnology transfer transfer RNA (tRNA) transfer activity coefficient transfer in analysis transfer line transferability transferases transformation transformation in gene technology transient (chemical) species transient crosslink transient junction point transient network transient phase (induction period) transient spectroscopy transient-stimulated emission pumping transit time in flame emission and absorption spectrometry transition transition (dipole) moment transition coordinate transition element transition interval in titrimetric analysis transition layer transition polarization transition probability for absorption in spectrochemistry transition probability for spontaneous emission in spectrochemistry transition probability for stimulated emission in spectrochemistry transition species transition state transition state analogue transition state theory transition structure transition temperature (for liquid crystals) transition time in electroanalytical chemistry transition wavenumber translation in biotechnology translational spectroscopy transmission transmission coefficient transmission electron energy loss spectroscopy (TEELS) transmission electron microscopy (TEM) transmission factor transmission high energy electron diffraction (THEED) transmission in mass spectrometry transmittance, transoid conformation transport control transport in analysis transport interference in flame spectroscopy transport number transposon transtactic polymer trapping travel time in flame emission and absorption spectrometry treated solution in analytical chemistry triads triangulo- triazanes triazenes triboluminescence trimethylenemethanes trioxides triple point triplet state triplet-triplet absorption triplet-triplet annihilation triplet-triplet energy transfer triplet-triplet transitions triprismo- tritactic polymer triterpenoids tritide tritio tritium triton trivial energy transfer trivial name tropilidenes tropolones tropones tropopause troposphere tropyl radicals tropylium ions true coincidence in radiochemistry true rate constant true value in analysis tub conformation tunable laser in spectrochemical analysis tungsten lamp tungsten-halogen lamp tunnelling turbidimetric titration turbidity in light scattering turnover frequency in catalysis turnstile rotation turntable reactor twist form twisted intramolecular charge transfer two-colour indicator two-dimensional chromatography two-photon excitation two-photon photochromism two-photon process two-site immunoradiometric assay ulosonic acids ultimate capacity in solvent extraction ultrafiltrate ultrafiltration ultrasonic detector in gas chromatography ultraviolet umpire sample umpolung unactivated adsorption process uncertainty of measurement uniaxial pressing uniaxial sample unified atomic mass unit uniform corrosion uniform polymer uniformly labelled uniformly labelled tracer unimolecular unit (item/portion/individual) in analytical chemistry unit cell unit measurement unit system universal calibration in chromatography universal detector in chromatography unperturbed dimensions in polymers unreactive unresolved peak in chromatography unstable unstable film unstable ion in mass spectrometry unsymmetrical films unzipping upconversion upfield uphill transport in membrane processes upper critical solution temperature upper limit of measurement in atmospheric trace component analysis upstream in membrane processes uptake ureides urethanes (urethans) uronic acids uronium salts useful spectral range vaccine vacuum phototube vacuum system in mass spectrometry valence valence band valence isomer valence tautomerization valence transition value a quantity value of a division a precision balance scale van der Waals adsorption van der Waals broadening a spectral line van der Waals forces vaporization temperature in electrothermal atomization vapour phase interference in analysis variable variable pathlength cell in spectrochemical analysis variance variational transition state theory variegated star macromolecule vector in biotechnology velocity in mass transport velocity, verdazyl radicals vertical ionization vertical transition vibrational redistribution vibrational relaxation vibrational term vibrationally adiabatic transition-state theory vibronic coupling vibronic transition vidicon vinyl carbenes vinylic cations vinylic groups vinylidenes viologens virial coefficients virtual transition viscosity viscosity function viscosity number a polymer viscosity ratio viscous flow sintering viscous sintering visibility in atmospheric chemistry visible volatilization volatilizer volt voltage in electroanalysis voltammetric constant volume content volume flow rate volume fraction volume of activation volume of the stationary phase in chromatography volume rate volume reaction in electrochemistry volume strain volume viscosity (or dilatational viscosity) volumetric flowrate in gas chromatography volumic vulcanization wall-coated open-tubular (WCOT) column in chromatography wash out in atmospheric chemistry watt wave height (electrochemical) wavefunction, , wavelength wavelength converter wavelength dispersion in X-ray emission spectroscopy wavelength error in spectrochemical analysis wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis wavenumber, weak collision weathering weber wedge projection weight weight-distribution function weighted mean wet bulb temperature wetting wetting tension (or work of immersional wetting per unit area) wind rose wolfram lamp work hardening work of adhesion work of cohesion per unit area work of immersional wetting per unit area work of separation work softening work, working electrode worm-like chain in polymers x unit xanthates xanthene dyes xanthic acids xanthophylls xenobiotic xenon lamp xerogel xylylenes yard year yield in biotechnology yield stress ylides ynamines ynols yocto yotta zepto zero differential overlap (ZDO) approximation zero field splitting zero point a glass electrode zero point of scale a balance zero–zero (0–0) absorption or emission zeta zetta zig-zag projection zone in chromatography zone melting method of preconcentration zwitterionic compounds/zwitterions zwitterionic polymer zygote µ- (mu) in inorganic nomenclature ångström Δ (delta), Λ (lambda) Λ (lambda) α (alpha), β (beta) α- (β-, γ-) ray spectrometer α-addition (alpha-addition) α-cleavage (alpha-cleavage) α-decay (alpha-decay) α-effect α-elimination α-expulsion in photochemistry α-oxo carbenes α-particle (alpha-particle) β (beta) β-cleavage in mass spectrometry β-decay β-particle γ-cascade γ-quantum γ-radiation γ-ray spectrometer ζ-potential η (eta or hapto) in inorganic nomenclature θ state in polymers θ temperature in polymers κ (kappa) in inorganic nomenclature λ-transition (lambda-transition) ξ- (xi-) π – π* state π → π* transition π → σ* transition π-adduct π-bond π-complex π-electron acceptor/donor group ρ-value (rho-value) ρσ-equation (rho-sigma equation) σ → σ* transition σ, π (sigma, pi) σ-adduct σ-bond σ-constant σ-orbital χ-parameter