IUPAC Gold Book - Acronyms and abbreviations

Acronyms and abbreviations

Acronym/Abbreviation	In entry
+R	π-electron acceptor/donor group
3D-QSAR	comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) 3D-QSAR (three-dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationships)
A	nucleotide bases
AC	frequency-domain fluorometry
ACGIH	threshold limit value (TLV)
ADMR	ODMR (Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance)
AM	AM 0 sunlight
AM 0	AM 0 sunlight
AM 1	AM 1 sunlight
AMR	attractive–mixed–repulsive (AMR) classification
ANN	artificial neural networks pattern recognition
AOM	angular overlap model (AOM)
ATP	catabolism yield, $Y$ in biotechnology
BAPMoN	air monitoring station in atmospheric chemistry
BBO	optical parametric oscillator
BDE	bond-dissociation energy (BDE) in theoretical chemistry
BET	microporous carbon
BO	Born–Oppenheimer (BO) approximation
BP	bicycle-pedal (BP) mechanism
BSE	back scattered electrons (BSEs) in in situ microanalysis
BSEs	back scatter coefficient in in situ microanalysis
BSS	Rutherford backscattering (RBS)
C	nucleotide bases
CADD	computer-assisted drug design (CADD)
CAMD	computer-assisted molecular design (CAMD)
CAMM	computer-assisted molecular modeling (CAMM)
CARS	non-linear optical techniques
CASPT2	complete active space self-consistent field second-order perturbation theory (CASPT2)
CASSCF	complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) complete active space self-consistent field second-order perturbation theory (CASPT2)
CC	coupled cluster (CC) method
CCD	charge-transfer device in radiation detection
CCN	condensation nuclei (CN) in atmospheric chemistry
CCSD	spin-flip method
CD	chiroptic/chiroptical circular dichroism (CD) dichroism
CEI	photon flux, $q p$ , $Φ p$
CEM	photomultiplier tube
CI	complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) configuration interaction (CI) natural orbital
CID	charge-transfer device in radiation detection multiconfiguration SCF method
CIDEP	chemically induced dynamic electron polarization (CIDEP) CIDEP (Chemically Induced Dynamic Electron Polarization)
CIDNP	CIDNP (Chemically Induced Dynamic Nuclear Polarization) radical pair (geminate pair) stimulated emission
CIE	infrared ultraviolet
CIEEL	chemically initiated electron exchange luminescence (CIEEL) CIEEL (Chemically Initiated Electron Exchange Luminescence)
CIP	CIP priority priority Re, Si
CIPM	millimetre of mercury
CIS	multiconfiguration SCF method
CISD	multiconfiguration SCF method
CMP	chemical measurement process (CMP)
CN	condensation nuclei (CN) in atmospheric chemistry
CPL	chiroptic/chiroptical
CRU	constitutional repeating unit (CRU) in polymers
CT	charge-transfer (CT) state charge-transfer (CT) transition CT
CTTS	charge transfer transition to solvent (CTTS)
CVD	diamond by CVD gas-phase-grown carbon fibres pyrolytic carbon synthetic graphite
CVTST	canonical variational transition-state theory (CVTST)
CW	argon ion laser continuous wave (CW) laser CW dye laser Fourier-transform spectroscopy ion laser single-photon timing solid state lasers time-correlated single photon counting tunable laser in spectrochemical analysis
CoMFA	comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA)
DAS	DAS global analysis
DC	frequency-domain fluorometry
DCCA	drying control chemical additive
DE	delocalization energy (DE)
DEDMR	ODMR (Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance)
DFDMR	ODMR (Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance)
DFG	parametric processes
DFT	time-dependent density functional theory
DLC	diamond-like carbon films
DN	donor number (DN)
DNA	blotting in biotechnology chromosome clone complementary DNA (cDNA) deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) DNA probe exon expression in biotechnology gene library gene manipulation genome histones hybridization
DRP	dynamic reaction path (DRP)
DSC	differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)
DTA	differential thermal analysis (DTA)
DZ	basis set
ECL	electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL)
EES	excitation-emission spectrum
EGA	evolved gas analysis (EGA)
EGD	evolved gas detection (EGD)
EHMO	extended Hückel MO method (EHMO)
ELISA	immunoassay
EPMA	electron probe microanalysis (EPMA)
EPR	coupling constant (spin-spin), $J$ electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) magnetic circular dichroism magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) spin density
EPXMA	electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPXMA)
ESCA	electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)
ESR	chemically induced dynamic electron polarization (CIDEP) CIDEP (Chemically Induced Dynamic Electron Polarization) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) hyperfine coupling spin density spin label
EXAFS	extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS)
FAB	fast-atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectroscopy
FDMR	ODMR (Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance)
FET	phototransistor
FRET	fluorescence resonance energy transfer Förster-resonance-energy transfer FRET FRET
FT-ICR	Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometer
FT-MS	Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometer
FTIR	Fourier-transform spectroscopy
FTS	multiplex spectrometer
FVP	flash vacuum pyrolysis (FVP)
FWHM	FWHM (Full Width at Half Maximum) half-width of a band line width resolution in mass spectroscopy
G	nucleotide bases
GC	gas chromatography (GC)
GPC	exclusion chromatography
H	immunoglobulin (Ig)
HBA	protophilic (solvent)
HETP	plate height, $H eff$ in chromatography
HM	carbon fibres type HM pitch-based carbon fibres
HMO	atom-atom polarizability atom-bond polarizability extended Hückel MO method (EHMO) Hückel molecular orbital (HMO) theory
HOMO	frontier orbitals homo low-spin state subjacent orbital
HOPG	highly oriented pyrolytic graphite polycrystalline graphite pyrolytic graphite
HPLC	liquid chromatography (LC)
HRELS	high resolution energy loss spectroscopy (HRELS)
HT	carbon fibres type HT carbon fibres type IM hula-twist (HT) mechanism
HWHM	HWHM (Half Width at Half Maximum) line width
IC	ion-exchange chromatography
ICR	Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometer ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) mass spectrometer
ICT	ICT ICT emission intramolecular charge transfer, (ICT)
ICVTST	improved canonical variational transition-state theory (ICVTST)
IGLO	individual gauge for localized orbitals (IGLO)
IHP	inner Helmholtz plane (IHP)
IM	carbon fibres type IM
IOP	inorganic–organic polymer
IPMA	ion probe microanalysis (IPMA)
IPN	interpenetrating polymer network semi-interpenetrating polymer network
IR	degree of crystallinity of a polymer magnetic circular dichroism photochemistry
ISC	ISC
ISE	ion-selective electrode (ISE)
ISO	millimetre of mercury substance content, $n / m$ substance flow rate substance fraction, $x$ transport number, $t$
ISS	ion scattering spectrometry (ISS)
IUPAC	mercaptans
Ig	immunoglobulin (Ig)
JECFA	acceptable daily intake ( $ADI$ )
L	immunoglobulin (Ig)
LADS	global analysis LADS
LAMES	laser micro emission spectroscopy (LAMES)
LAMMS	laser micro mass spectrometry (LAMMS)
LAS	global analysis LAS
LB	Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) membrane
LC	lethal concentration liquid chromatography (LC)
LCAO	Hückel molecular orbital (HMO) theory
LCST	miscibility gap upper critical solution temperature
LD	dichroism lethal dose linear dichroism (LD)
LED	LED light-emitting diode (LED)
LEED	low energy electron diffraction (LEED)
LEP	London–Eyring–Polanyi (LEP) method
LEPS	London–Eyring–Polanyi–Sato (LEPS) method
LIDAR	LIDAR in atmospheric chemistry
LLCT	ligand to ligand charge transfer (LLCT) transition
LM	carbon fibres type LM pitch-based carbon fibres
LMCT	ligand to metal charge transfer (LMCT) transition
LMO	localized molecular orbitals (LMO)
LOAEL	lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) lowest-observed-adverse-effect-level (LOAEL)
LOEL	lowest-observed-effect-level (LOEL)
LRMA	laser Raman microanalysis (LRMA)
LUMO	frontier orbitals low-spin state
M	helicity
MAbs	monoclonal antibodies (MAbs)
MC	Monte Carlo (MC), method of
MCD	magnetic circular dichroism
MCPLC	disruptor rigid chain spacer
MCSCF	multiconfiguration SCF method
MERP	minimum-energy reaction path photochemical reaction path
MLCT	metal to ligand charge transfer (MLCT) transition MLCT
MLR	regresssion analysis
MM	quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics
MMCT	metal to metal charge transfer (MMCT) transition
MO	antibonding molecular orbital aromaticity atomic charge bonding molecular orbital extended Hückel MO method (EHMO) hydrogen bond in theoretical organic chemistry localized molecular orbitals (LMO) nonbonding molecular orbital
MOS	charge-transfer device in radiation detection
MP2	spin-flip method
MP4	coupled cluster (CC) method
MPA	Mulliken population analysis (MPA)
MPL	maximum permissible level (MPL)
MPP	mesophase pitch-based carbon fibres pitch-based carbon fibres rayon-based carbon fibres
MRCI	multireference configuration interaction
MRI	magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
MSDS	material safety data sheet (MSDS)
MTC	maximum tolerable concentration (MTC)
MTD	maximum tolerable dose (MTD) maximum tolerated dose (MTD)
MTEL	maximum tolerable exposure level (MTEL)
NAO	natural atomic orbital (NAO)
NBO	natural bond orbital (NBO)
NEXAFS	extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS)
NHO	natural hybrid orbital (NHO)
NHOMO	subjacent orbital
NIH	NIH shift
NMR	aromatic chemical shift, $δ$ in NMR CIDNP (Chemically Induced Dynamic Nuclear Polarization) coupling constant (spin-spin), $J$ individual gauge for localized orbitals (IGLO) magic angle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) magnetization transfer stereochemical non-rigidity structure-based design in drug design
NO	natural orbital
NOAEL	no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL)
NOEL	no-observed-effect-level (NOEL)
NPA	natural population analysis (NPA)
OBF	hula-twist (HT) mechanism one-bond-flip
ODMR	ODMR (Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance)
OHP	outer Helmholtz plane (OHP)
OIP	organic–inorganic polymer
OLED	light-emitting diode (LED) OLED
OMA	optical multi-channel analyser
OPA	optical parametric amplification parametric processes
OPG	parametric processes
OPO	optical parametric oscillator parametric processes
ORD	chiroptic/chiroptical
OSHA	material safety data sheet (MSDS)
P	helicity
PA	proton affinity
PAL	photoaffinity labelling
PAN	PAN-based carbon fibres rayon-based carbon fibres
PC	planar chromatography
PCA	pattern recognition
PCR	polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
PDC	polymer-derived ceramic
PDMR	ODMR (Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance)
PES	energy hypersurface (synonymous with potential energy surface, PES) photoelectron spectroscopy (PES)
PICT	intramolecular charge transfer, (ICT) planar intramolecular charge transfer
PIN	photodiode PIN semiconductor detector
PIXE	characteristic X-ray emission
PLED	light-emitting diode (LED) PLED
PLOT	porous-layer open-tabular (PLOT) column in chromatography support-coated open-tubular (SCOT) column in chromatography
PLS	partial least squares (PLS) pattern recognition regresssion analysis
PPP	Pariser–Parr–Pople (PPP) method
PTFE	bomb-digestion in spectrochemical analysis
PVC	interfering substance in electroanalytical chemistry
PVD	pyrolytic carbon
QC/MM	quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics
QCT	quasi-classical trajectory (QCT) method
QM	quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics
QM/MM	quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics
QSAR	correlation analysis quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) in drug design quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSAR)
R	R, S
R*	R, S
RBS	Rutherford backscattering (RBS)
REELS	high resolution energy loss spectroscopy (HRELS) reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy (REELS)
RHEED	reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED)
RHF	instability of Hartree–Fock solution
RIA	immunoassay
RIM	reaction injection moulding reactive blending
RNA	blotting in biotechnology complementary DNA (cDNA) hybridization
RP-HPLC	lipophilicity
RRIM	reinforced reaction injection moulding
RRK	Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel (RRK) theory Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus (RRKM) theory
RRKM	Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus (RRKM) theory
RS	racemate
RYDMR	ODMR (Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance)
RfD	reference dose (RfD)
R_p	planar chirality
S	R, S
S*	R, S
SAED	transmission high energy electron diffraction (THEED)
SAR	structure–activity relationship (SAR)
SCF	basis set complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) multireference configuration interaction spin-flip method
SCOT	support-coated open-tubular (SCOT) column in chromatography
SCP	single cell protein (SCP)
SEC	size-exclusion chromatography (SEC)
SEM	scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
SET	single-electron transfer mechanism (SET)
SF	spin-flip method
SFC	supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC)
SFG	parametric processes
SGPLC	spacer
SHG	parametric processes
SI	conversion cross-section photon irradiance, $E p$ spectral fluence rate, $E λ , o$ spectral radiant energy, $Q λ$ system of units of measurement
SIMCA	pattern recognition
SIMS	ion microscopy
SIPN	semi-interpenetrating polymer network
SIX	solvent ion exchange (SIX)
SLUMO	subjacent orbital
SMILES	SMILES
SOMO	SOMO
SPC	quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) in drug design structure-property correlations (SPC)
SR	racemate
STEL	threshold limit value (TLV)
STEM	scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM)
STP	STP
S_p	planar chirality
T	nucleotide bases
TAC	single-photon timing time-correlated single photon counting
TD-DFT	time-dependent density functional theory
TEELS	transmission electron energy loss spectroscopy (TEELS)
TEM	electron microscopy scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
TG	thermogravimetry (TG)
THEED	transmission high energy electron diffraction (THEED)
TICT	intramolecular charge transfer, (ICT) TICT emission TICT state twisted intramolecular charge transfer
TLC	lipophilicity planar chromatography
TLV	threshold limit value (TLV)
TMS	chemical shift, $δ$ in NMR
TRMC	time-resolved microwave conductivity
TSEP	transient-stimulated emission pumping
TST	generalized transition-state theory
TTET	triplet-triplet energy transfer
TWA	threshold limit value (TLV)
U	nucleotide bases
UCST	miscibility gap upper critical solution temperature
UHF	instability of Hartree–Fock solution
UHM	carbon fibres type HM carbon fibres type UHM
UPS	photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) UV photoelectron spectroscopy
UV	amalgam lamp excimer lamp excimer laser frequency-domain fluorometry photochemistry photodegradation photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) ultraviolet UV dose UV photoelectron spectroscopy UV stabilizer
UV-A	low-pressure mercury lamp (arc) ultraviolet Wood lamp
UV-B	ultraviolet
UV-C	ultraviolet
UV–VIS	low temperature UV–VIS absorption spectroscopy
VUV	ultraviolet VUV
W/O/W	lipid film
WCOT	wall-coated open-tubular (WCOT) column in chromatography
WMO	air monitoring station in atmospheric chemistry
XPS	photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)
YAG	neodymium laser optical parametric oscillator
ZDO	zero differential overlap (ZDO) approximation
c.m.c.	critical micelle concentration
cDNA	complementary DNA (cDNA)
cmc	critical micelle concentration
emf	electric potential difference, $Δ V$ of a galvanic cell membrane emf
ev	bioavailabilty in pharmacokinetics
iv	bioavailabilty in pharmacokinetics
mRNA	enzyme repression expression in biotechnology gene (cistron) genetic code
p.d.	potential-determining (p.d.) ions
p.z.c.	point of zero charge (p.z.c.) potential at the point of zero charge (p.z.c.)
pe	primary electrons (pe) in in situ microanalysis
pfhs	precipitation from homogeneous solution (pfhs) in analysis
r	r, s
radiant intensity	emission anisotropy
s	r, s
µVTST	microcanonical variational transition-state theory (µVTST)
−R	π-electron acceptor/donor group