electromotive force, \(E\)

https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01974
Energy supplied by a source divided by the electric charge transported through the source. For a galvanic cell it is equal to the electric potential difference for zero current through the cell.
Sources:
Green Book, 2nd ed., p. 58 (https://goldbook.iupac.org/files/pdf/green_book_2ed.pdf)
PAC, 1996, 68, 957. 'Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996)' on page 971 (https://doi.org/10.1351/pac199668040957)