carbonization

https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00840
A process by which solid residues with increasing content of the element carbon are formed from organic material usually by pyrolysis in an inert atmosphere.
Note:
As with all pyrolytic reactions, carbonization is a complex process in which many reactions take place concurrently such as dehydrogenation, condensation, hydrogen transfer and @I03295@. It differs from @C01120@ in that its reaction rate is faster by many orders of magnitude. The final @P04961@ temperature applied controls the degree of carbonization and the residual content of foreign elements, e.g. at T ∼ 1200 K the carbon content of the residue exceeds a @M03722@ of 90 wt.%, whereas at T ∼ 1600 K more than 99 wt.% carbon is found.
Source:
PAC, 1995, 67, 473. 'Recommended terminology for the description of carbon as a solid (IUPAC Recommendations 1995)' on page 484 (https://doi.org/10.1351/pac199567030473)