https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01230
The concentration @[email protected] of an @[email protected] at a given @[email protected] (\(\text{c.d.}\)) is basically the difference in equilibrium potentials across the @[email protected] More precisely, it is the potential of a @[email protected] (of the same @[email protected] as the @[email protected] ) with the interfacial concentrations which establish themselves at \(\text{c.d.}\), relative to the potential of a similar @[email protected] with the concentrations of the bulk solution. From such a measured potential difference, with \(\text{c.d.}\) flowing, one needs to subtract the ohmic potential drop prevailing between the two electrodes.