Wikipedia - Fonon (ms) Wikipedia - Fonone (it) phonon

https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04547
Elementary excitation in the quantum mechanical treatment of vibrations in a crystal lattice. An energy bundle that behaves as a particle of energy $$h\ \nu$$, with $$\nu$$ the vibration frequency and $$h$$ the @[email protected]
Notes:
1. A phonon can be considered as an acoustic @[email protected] of thermal vibration of a crystal lattice (or liquid helium II).
2. Every harmonic vibration can be decomposed in phonons, which are the elementary vibrations. The total number of phonons in a system that has internal vibrations (e.g., a crystal) is related to the temperature of the system.
3. The concept of phonons provides a simplification in the theories of thermal and electrical conduction in solids.
4. For example, interactions between phonons and electrons are thought to be responsible for such phenomena as 'superconductivity'.
Source:
PAC, 2007, 79, 293. (Glossary of terms used in photochemistry, 3rd edition (IUPAC Recommendations 2006)) on page 382 [Terms] [Paper]