substoichiometric extraction

https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06080
@[email protected] in which the amount of @[email protected] used is lower than that dictated by @[email protected] If the constants of formation and @[email protected] of the complexes are high, the amount of extracted metal is dictated by the amount of @[email protected] introduced.
Source:
PAC, 1993, 65, 2373. (Nomenclature for liquid-liquid distribution (solvent extraction) (IUPAC Recommendations 1993)) on page 2379 [Terms] [Paper]